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. 2020 Nov 4;8:586406. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.586406

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Copyright © 2020 Chung, Im, Kim, Park and Jung.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Computer-aided design (CAD) model of a heart valve. (B) Bioprinted methacrylated hyaluronic acid/gelatin heart valve conduit. (C) The hydrogel hybrid conduit after 7 days of static culture, and (D) cross-sectional view of a live/dead cell viability assay. (E) Safranin-O staining image and (F) Masson’s Trichrome staining images showed that the heart valve conduit was composed of collagen type II and GAG. (G) Representative immunohistochemical staining image of αSMA, vimentin, and nuclei (Duan et al., 2014). (H) Porcine aortic valve model and (I) 3D printed scaffold with two types of PEG-DA inks [root: 700 molecular weight (MW) PEG-DA and leaflets: 700/8000 MW PEG-DA]. (J) Scaffolds were printed with 700 MW PEG-DA at different scales for fidelity analysis. The inner diameters (ID) were 22, 17, and 12 mm. Scale bar = 1 cm (Hockaday et al., 2012) (Reproduced with permission from Hockaday et al., 2012; Duan et al., 2014).