TABLE 2.
Demographic and clinical variables.
| Clinical variables | NC | PD-BL | PD-F |
P-value |
||
| PD-BL/NC | PD-F/NC | PD-BL/PD-F | ||||
| Num | 82 | 39 | 39 | – | – | – |
| Age (years) | 59.19 ± 6.60 | 60.45 ± 8.09 | 62.10 ± 8.25 | 0.366a | 0.038a* | – |
| Age range (years) | 46–77 | 44–82 | 45–84 | – | – | – |
| Gender (male/female) | 47/35 | 16/23 | 16/23 | 0.094b | 0.094b | – |
| Education (years) | 9.57 ± 4.37 | 8.05 ± 4.53 | 8.05 ± 4.53 | 0.080a | 0.080a | – |
| Disease duration (years) | – | 3.40 ± 2.65 | 4.97 ± 2.71 | – | – | – |
| LED | – | 269.23 ± 232.58 | 460.18 ± 267.34 | – | – | <0.001c* |
| UPDRS III | – | 23.33 ± 13.39 | 19.69 ± 13.43 | – | – | 0.011d* |
| H-Y | – | 2.5 (1.5–3) | 2.5 (1–4) | – | – | 0.018d* |
| HAMD | 2.08 ± 2.47 | 5.13 ± 3.71 | 5.97 ± 4.65 | <0.001a* | <0.001a* | 0.283c |
| HAMA | 3.01 ± 3.50 | 4.59 ± 3.39 | 7.13 ± 5.04 | 0.003a* | <0.001a* | 0.002c* |
| ESS | 4.98 ± 3.99 | 5.13 ± 4.63 | 5.61 ± 21.17 | 0.926a | 0.665a | 0.577c |
| PDSS | – | 131.64 ± 20.91 | 122.77 ± 3.39 | – | – | 0.038c* |
| MMSE | 28.13 ± 2.03 | 27.38 ± 3.17 | 27.15 ± 2.82 | 0.325a | 0.028a* | 0.394d |
The continuous variables were represented as mean ± SD, while the categorical variable (H-Y) was presented as median (range). NC, normal control; PD-BL, PD at baseline; PD-F, PD follow-up. aMann–Whitney U-test. bPearson chi-square. cpaired t-test. dWilcoxon test. *Significant result with p < 0.05.