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. 2020 Nov 17;10:20003. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77103-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Cell migration speed of MC3T3-E1 cells on bent guiding patterns with bent angles of 135° and 45°. Micrographs present different bent patterns of gratings of 6 μm ridges and 4 μm grooves; 135° bend of 4 μm ridges, 1 μm grooves, 100 μm length and 25 μm bend length; bend density of 2 μm ridges, 3 μm grooves, 200 μm length, and 50 μm bend length; and 45° bend of 4 μm ridges, 1 μm grooves, 100 μm length, and 75 μm bend length. The depth of all patterns is 4.5 μm. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test with *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01. (b) Directionality ratio of patterns with bends over 16 h time-lapse.