Table 2.
The effects of C. glomerata extract and their GSNPs on hatchability (H) of M. javanica eggs (Mj) after 12, 24, and 48 h of exposure.
Treatment | Exposure time | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Con. % | 12 h | 24 h | 48 h | ||||
H | Reduction (%) | H | Reduction (%) | H | Reduction (%) | ||
M. javanica + dH2O | – | 4.4a ± 0.26 | – | 9.5a ± 0.23 | – | 24.7a ± 0.25 | – |
M. javanica + Rugby 60 | – | 0.7b ± 0.025 | 84.1 | 0.5b ± 0.025 | 95 | 0.0b | 100 |
M. javanica + C. glomerata Extract | 100 | 1.0b ± 0.058 | 77.3 | 1.0b ± 0.058 | 89.5 | 0.0b | 100 |
M. javanica + GSNPs | 100 | 0.6b ± 0.018 | 86.4 | 0.0b | 100 | 0.0b | 100 |
75 | 0.6b ± 0.018 | 86.4 | 0.0b | 100 | 0.0b | 100 | |
50 | 0.9b ± 0.032 | 79.5 | 0.6b ± 0.009 | 94 | 0.0b | 100 | |
25 | 0.99b ± 0.009 | 77.5 | 1.0b ± 0.012 | 89.5 | 0.0b | 100 |
Data are means of five replicates; means are stated with the same letter(s) in each column and are not significantly different at (P ≤ 0.05). (R) Reduction (%) = [Total number of incubated eggs – total number of hatched eggs in treatment]/total number of incubated eggs] × 100.