Table 3.
The effects of C. glomerata extract and their silver nanoparticles (GSNPs) on mortality (M) of M. javanica eggs (Mj) after 12, 24, and 48 h of exposure.
Treatments | Con. % | Exposure time | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12 h | 24 h | 48 h | |||||
Live | Mortality % | Live | Mortality % | Live | Mortality % | ||
M. javanica + dH2O | – | 6.3a ± 0.58 | – | 7.2a ± 0.85 | – | 14.2a ± 0.72 | – |
M. javanica + Rugby 60 | – | 0.8b ± 0.06 | 87.3 | 0.3bc ± 0.06 | 96 | 0.0b | 100 |
M. javanica + C. glomerata Extract | S | 0.9b ± 0.06 | 85.9 | 0.8b ± 0.06 | 89 | 1.3b ± 0.64 | 91 |
M. javanica + GSNPs | S | 0.6b ± 0.06 | 90.4 | 0.0c | 100 | 0.0b | 100 |
S/2 | 0.66b ± 0.06 | 89.5 | 0.0c | 100 | 0.0b | 100 | |
S/4 | 0.9b ± 0.06 | 85.7 | 0.5bc ± 0.06 | 93 | 0.0b | 100 | |
S/10 | 1.2b ± 0.06 | 80.9 | 0.7c ± 0.06 | 90.3 | 0.9b ± 0.20 | 94 |
Data are means of five replicates; means with the same letter(s) in each column are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.05. (M) Mortality % = [(Total number of J2S in control − No. of alive J2S in treatment)/No. of Total J2S in control] × 100.