Table 1.
Characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohorts.
| Clinical factors | Training cohort (n = 118) | Validation cohort (n = 50) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aggressive ccRCC | Non-aggressive ccRCC | p | Aggressive ccRCC | Non-aggressive ccRCC | p | |
| Sex | 0.092 | 0.843 | ||||
| Men | 31 (88.6) | 60 (72.3) | 11 (73.3) | 23 (65.7) | ||
| Women | 4 (11.4) | 23 (27.7) | 4 (26.7) | 12 (34.3) | ||
| Age (years)* | 56.8 ± 9.6 (30–72) | 53.0 ± 11.5 (28–76) | 0.088 | 53.6 ± 11.1 (31–68) | 53.4 ± 11.5 (30–76) | 0.948 |
| Nephrectomy type Partial Radical |
10 (28.6) 25 (71.4) |
37 (44.6) 46 (55.4) |
0.105 |
5 (33.3) 10 (66.7) |
19 (54.3) 16 (45.7) |
0.174 |
| Polarity | 0.233 | 0.857 | ||||
| Superior | 10 (28.6) | 22 (26.5) | 5 (33.3) | 9 (25.7) | ||
| Middle | 11 (31.4) | 39 (47.0) | 6 (40.0) | 16 (45.7) | ||
| Inferior | 14 (40.0) | 22 (26.5) | 4 (26.7) | 10 (28.6) | ||
| Location | 0.076 | 0.090 | ||||
| Exophytic | 23 (65.7) | 38 (45.8) | 13 (86.7) | 20 (57.1) | ||
| Not exophytic | 12 (34.3) | 45 (54.2) | 2 (13.3) | 15 (42.9) | ||
| Side | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| Left | 16 (45.7) | 37 (44.6) | 7 (46.7) | 18 (51.4) | ||
| Right | 19 (54.3) | 46 (55.4) | 8 (53.3) | 17 (48.6) | ||
| Maximum diameter (cm)* | 5.2 ± 1.5 (1.5–7.0) | 4.0 ± 1.4 (1.2–7.0) | <0.001 | 5.3 ± 1.4 (2.9–7.0) | 3.8 ± 1.3 (1.9–6.9) | <0.001 |
| Fuhrman grade | 0.059 | NA | ||||
| 1 | 0 (0.0) | 11 (13.3) | 1 (6.7) | 5 (14.3) | ||
| 2 | 31 (88.6) | 64 (77.1) | 11 (73.3) | 26 (74.3) | ||
| 3 | 3 (8.6) | 8 (9.6) | 3 (20.0) | 4 (11.4) | ||
| 4 | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/L)* | 139.5 ± 21.5 (81–175) | 143.1 ± 16.9 (71–169) | 0.328 | 141.0 ± 19.5 (109–167) | 149.1 ± 15.6 (117–178) | 0.117 |
| Platelet (109/L)* | 275.6 ± 80.2 (190–589) | 236.0 ± 56.2 (115–423) | 0.002 | 305.8 ± 140.9 (172–747) | 234.4 ± 45.7 (154–399) | 0.007 |
| Neutrophils (109/L)* | 5.1 ± 2.5 (2.11–13.19) | 3.7 ± 1.2 (0.68–9.01) | <0.001 | 5.1 ± 2.2 (1.73–10.07) | 3.7 ± 1.0 (1.87–6.15) | 0.002 |
| Albumin (g/L)* | 38.7 ± 5.3 (26.7–49.1) | 42.9 ± 2.9 (34.8–49.5) | <0.001 | 39.9 ± 4.0 (33.8–46.4) | 43.3 ± 3.2 (36.1–48.4) | 0.001 |
| Calcium (mmol/L)* | 2.3 ± 0.3 (1.9–3.28) | 2.3 ± 0.1 (1.98–2.78) | 0.433 | 2.3 ± 0.1 (2.13–2.66) | 2.3 ± 0.1 (2.1–2.54) | 0.937 |
| Median Rad-score† | −0.3 (−0.7, 0.5) | −1.7 (−2.2, −0.9) | <0.001 | −0.5 (−0.8, 0.1) | −1.7 (−2.3, −1.1) | <0.001 |
Unless otherwise indicated, data are number of patients and data in parentheses are percentages. The sum of percentages may not be 100% because of rounding. ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; NA, not available.
*Data are mean ± standard deviation; data in parentheses are range.
†Data in parentheses are interquartile range.