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. 2020 Oct 3;48(20):11227–11243. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa777

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© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 1. — Chemical structures of oxidative lesions formed in DNA. (A) Various oxidation products of guanine. (B) Formation of cyclic guanosine by oxidation. (C) Formation of cyclic adenosine by oxidation. (D) Enzymatic oxidative demethylation of 5-methylcytosine. (E) Oxidation of thymine to thymine glycol. ROS produces over 100 different types of lesions in DNA, and this figure displays the structures of those damages that are discussed in this review. ROS: Reactive oxygen species; DNMT: DNA methyltransferase; TET: Ten-eleven translocation enzymes.