Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Participants in a Study of the Effect of an Emergency Department Care Bundle Among Older Patients With Acute Heart Failure.
| Variable | Intervention (n = 199) | Usual care (n = 303) | Normal values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 87.0 (81.0-90.0) | 87.0 (81.0-91.0) | |
| Sex, No. (%) | |||
| Women | 112 (56.3) | 186 (61.4) | |
| Men | 87 (43.7) | 117 (38.6) | |
| Comorbidities, No. (%)a | |||
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 39 (19.6) | 46 (15.2) | |
| Chronic heart failure | 111 (55.8) | 158 (52.3) (n = 302) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 49 (24.6) | 73 (24.1) (n = 302) | |
| Diabetes | 54 (27.1) | 92 (30.4) (n = 302) | |
| Myocardial infarction | 80 (40.2) | 91 (30.0) (n = 302) | |
| Vital signs at randomization, mean (SD) | |||
| Heart rate/min | 86.3 (23.5) | 86.6 (23.8) | |
| Oxygen saturation, % | 90.6 (6.7) (n = 185) | 91.1 (6.9) (n = 286) | |
| Respiratory rate/min | 26.2 (6.7) (n = 187) | 25.9 (7.3) (n = 273) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 155.3 (28.8) (n = 187) | 148.8 (27.9) (n = 273) | |
| Temperature, °C | 36.8 (0.6) (n = 198) | 36.7 (0.7) (n = 273) | |
| Medication at randomization, No. (%) | |||
| ACE inhibitor | 58 (29.1) | 84 (27.7) | |
| ARB | 41 (20.6) | 79 (26.1) | |
| Antibiotic | 18 (9.0) | 25 (8.3) | |
| Anticoagulant | 96 (48.2) | 147 (48.5) | |
| Antiplatelet | 75 (37.7) | 116 (38.3) | |
| β-Blocker | 123 (61.8) | 165 (54.5) | |
| Diuretic | 129 (64.8) | 222 (73.3) | |
| Nitrates | 13 (6.5) | 17 (5.6) | |
| Laboratory results, median (IQR)b | |||
| BNP, ng/L | 591.0 (251.5-977.0) (n = 81) | 620.0 (319.6-1220.0) (n = 151) | <450 |
| Creatinine, mg/L | 11.2 (8.7-14.7) (n = 81) | 11.5 (8.9-16.0) (n = 301) | 6-12 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 13.7 (5.0-47.1) (n = 155) | 13.4 (5.0-43.7) (n = 236) | <5 |
| Hemoglobin, mean (SD), g/dL | 12.4 (2.0) (n = 155) | 12.1 (1.8) (n = 300) | 12-17 |
| Leukocytes, G/L | 9.0 (6.9-11.9) (n = 155) | 8.3 (6.6-10.8) (n = 301) | 4-10 |
| NT pro-BNP, ng/L | 4.2×103 (1.8×103-7.9×103) (n = 116) | 5.0×103 (2.3×103-9.3×103) (n = 144) | 2×103 |
| Procalcitonin, μg/L | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) (n = 54) | 0.1 (0.1-0.3) (n = 45) | <0.1 |
| Troponin, μg/L | 0.0 (0.0-0.1) (n = 185) | 0.0 (0.0-0.1) (n = 243) | <14 |
| pH, mean (SD) | 7.4 (0.1) (n = 176) | 7.4 (0.1) (n = 210) | 7.35-7.45 |
| Paco2, mm Hg | 40.0 (33.5-47.0) (n = 176) | 39.0 (34.0-45.0) (n = 210) | 35-45 |
| Pao2, mm Hg | 74.0 (65.0-91.5) (n = 176) | 70.0 (60.0-87.0) (n = 210) | 80-100 |
| Bicarbonate, mean (SD), mmol/L | 25.8 (5.2) (n = 150) | 24.7 (4.4) (n = 221) | 22-26 |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockade; IQR, interquartile range; NT pro-BNP, N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide.
a
Comorbidities were recorded by the emergency physician during the ED visit.
b
Laboratory results were obtained as part of ED care.