Table 2. Treatment of Participants in a Study of the Effect of an Emergency Department (ED) Care Bundle Among Older Patients With Acute Heart Failure.
| Variable | Intervention (n = 199) | Usual care (n = 303) | Adjusted difference (95% CI), %a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment in the emergency department, No. (%) | |||
| Furosemideb | 195 (98.0) | 274 (90.4) | 6.8 (0.5 to 13.0) |
| Dose, median (IQR), mg | 40.0 (40.0 to 80.0) (n = 195) | 60.0 (40.0 to 80.0) (n = 273) | –13.1 mg (–25.4 to –0.9) |
| IV nitratesc | 191 (96.0) | 74 (24.5) (n = 302) | 71.0 (61.6 to 80.3) |
| Cumulative dosing at hour 1, median (IQR), mg | 18.0 (9.0-30.0) (n = 187) | 3.0 (2.0-4.0) (n = 54) | 14.9 mg (8.9 to 20.8) |
| Cumulative dosing at hour 4, median (IQR), mg | 27.0 (9.0-53.5) (n = 188) | 4.0 (2.0-6.0) (n = 73) | 23.8 mg (13.5 to 34.1) |
| Antibiotics | 39 (19.6) | 38 (12.5) | 10.8 (1.6 to 19.9) |
| Antiplatelet agents | 15 (7.5) | 23 (7.6) | 0.2 (–7.9 to 8.4) |
| Dual antiplatelet agentsd | 4 (2.0) | 3 (1.0) | |
| Antiarrhythmics | 22 (11.1) | 23 (7.6) | 2.6 (–5.7 to 10.8) |
| Noninvasive ventilation | 29 (14.6) | 29 (9.6) | 6.0 (–4.6 to 16.6) |
| ED discharge disposition, No. (%) | |||
| Home | 3 (1.5) | 15 (5.0) | –3.1 (–9.4 to 3.2) |
| ED observation unit | 96 (48.2) | 137 (45.2) | –2.9 (–16.3 to 10.6) |
| Hospital ward | 60 (30.2) | 111 (36.6) | 3.2 (–9.7 to 16.2) |
| Intensive care unite | 40 (20.1) | 38 (12.5) | 9.2 (–1.6 to 20.0) |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; IV, intravenous.
a
Differences were adjusted for intervention, time period, and cluster size (categorical) as fixed effects and cluster as a random effect.
b
Furosemide was the only intravenous diuretic used in participating centers.
c
Cumulative dose of nitrates over the period that includes boluses (first hour) and infusion (between first hour and fourth hour) among patients who were treated with nitrates.
d
Given the small numbers, no analysis was performed for the dual antiplatelet agents variable.
e
Including cardiac intensive care unit.