Table 3 –
Average functional outputs achieved by 2–3 week old engineered cardiac tissues generated using the frame-hydrogel method. Results of functional measurements are presented for various cell types and tissue geometries achieved during the last decade.
| Cell Type | Geometry | Max Active Force (mN) | Specific Force (mN/mm2) | Force per Input CM (nN) | Conduction Velocity (cm/sec) | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hiPSC-CMs | 7×7 mm patch | 5.2 ± 0.2 | 22.4 ± 0.9 | 11.9 ± 0.5 | 28.5 ± 1.0 | Shadrin, IY. et al. 2017 [2] |
| hiPSC-CMs | 15×15 mm patch (megapatch) | 9.4 ± 1.0 | 19.4 ± 2.1 | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 27.2 ± 1.1 | Shadrin, IY. et al. 2017 [2] |
| hiPSC-CMs | 36×36 mm patch (gigapatch) | 17.5 ± 1.1 | 17.0 ± 0.8 | 1.75 ± 0.1 | 28.9 ± 1.8 | Shadrin, IY. et al. 2017 [2] |
| NRVMs | 10×10 mm patch with border pores | 18.0 ± 1.4 | 18.0 ± 1.4 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 32.3 ± 1.8 | Jackman, CP. et al. 2018 [19] |
| NRVMs | 7×2 mm bundle | 2.10 ± 0.10 | 59.7 ± 4.3 | 5.6 ± 0.27 | 52.5 ± 0.9 | Jackman, CP. et al. 2016 [18] |
| hiPSC-CMs | 7×2 mm bundle | 1.3 ± 0.051 | 23.2 ± 1.6 | 3.47 ± 0.14 | 25.8 ± 1.2 | Jackman, CP. et al. 2016 [18] |
| NRVMs | 7×7 mm network patch, 1.2 mm pore length | 2.39 ± 0.25 | 8.9 ± 1.1 | 4.35 ± 0.45 | 26.8 ± 0.8 | Bian, W. et al. 2014 [17] |
| hESC-CMs | 7×7 mm network patch, 1.2 mm pore length | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 11.8 ± 4.5 | 5.7 ± 1.1 | 25.1 | Zhang, D. et al. 2013 [20] |
| mESC-CMs | 7×7 mm network patch, 1.2 mm pore length | 1.96 ± 0.54 | Not reported | 2.51 ± 0.69 | 24.1 ± 1.4 | Liau, B. et al. 2011 [21] |
| mESC-CVPs | 7×7 mm network patch, 1.2 mm pore length | 1.28 ± 0.11 | Not reported | 1.64 ± 0.14 | 19.2 ± 0.4 | Liau, B. et al. 2011 [21] |