Table 3.

Factors associated with depression symptoms and suicidal ideation among sample.

	Depressive symptoms		Suicidal ideation
	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
Demographic background
Age (13–15)*	1.3	1.1; 1.5	1	0.8; 1.3
Gender (Male)*	1.4	1.2; 1.6	1.4	1.2; 1.8
Ethnic group (Kinh)*	1.2	0.8; 1.7	0.6	0.3; 1.2
Mother’s education (High school and lower)*	1.1	0.9; 1.3	1.3	1; 1.7
Father’s education (High school and lower)*	1	0.8; 1.2	1	0.8; 1.4
Individual factors
No close friends**	1.99	1.72; 2.30	2.41	1.99; 2.93
Been physically attacked during the last 12 months***	1.7	1.4; 1.9	1.9	1.6; 2.3
Been seriously injured in the last 12 months***	1.7	1.5; 2.0	1.8	1.5; 2.2
Been bullied in the last 30 days***	2.2	1.9; 2.6	2.9	2.4; 3.5
Been worried in the last 12 months***	4.1	3.6; 4.7	2.8	2.3; 3.4
Difficulty focusing on homework in the last 12 months***	2.9	2.4; 3.5	2.4	1.8; 3.2
Health risk behaviors
Alcohol use***	1.79	1.57; 2.03	2.63	1.99; 3.48
Tobacco use***	1.61	1.29; 2.02	1.79	1.49; 2.16
Physical activity***	0.97	0.85; 1.17	0.84	0.69; 1.03
Familial factors (relationship with parents/guardians)
Checked homework**	0.72	0.72; 0.79	0.73	0.68; 0.8
Understood students’ problems and worries***	0.68	0.65; 0.71	0.66	0.62; 1.2
Went through students’ belongings without approval***	1.32	1.26; 1.38	1.28	1.19; 1.37
Gave advice and instructions**	0.72	0.68; 0.75	0.77	0.71; 0.82
Required students to have a good grade point average and manners***	1.05	1; 1.1	1.12	1.04; 1.20
Disrespected students***	1.5	1.45; 1.6	1.46	1.37; 1.56
Depressive symtoms***	–	–	6.64	5.51; 8.01

^*Reference group. **Yes is a reference group. ***Never/no is a reference group.

Note. Bold entries showed that the odd ratio between two groups is statistically significant.