Table 1.
Comparison of clinical variables between sudomotor dysfunction (-) and sudomotor dysfunction (+) groups
| Sudomotor dysfunction (-) | Sudomotor dysfunction (+) | χ2/t/z | P value | |
| n | 331 | 135 | - | - |
| Male, n (%) | 234 (70.69) | 92 (68.15) | 0.296 | 0.586 |
| Age (yr) | 53.30 ± 11.91 | 57.45 ± 13.03 | -3.318 | 0.001 |
| Diabetes duration (yr) | 7 (2, 11) | 10 (6, 15) | -4.266 | < 0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 84 (25.38) | 65 (48.15) | 22.86 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132.12 ± 15.82 | 135.30 ± 20.02 | -1.646 | 0.101 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.46 ± 9.69 | 79.13 ± 10.57 | 0.322 | 0.748 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.40 (4.50, 6.63) | 5.90 (4.80, 7.40) | -2.845 | 0.004 |
| SCr (µmol/L) | 56.00 (48.00, 67.00) | 60.00 (48.00, 79.00) | -1.703 | 0.089 |
| UA (µmol/L) | 328.18 ± 88.92 | 324.04 ± 88.30 | 0.456 | 0.648 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.35 (3.77, 5.11) | 4.30 (3.55, 5.31) | -0.567 | 0.571 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.51 (1.04, 2.40) | 1.67 (1.12, 2.52) | -0.856 | 0.392 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.24) | 1.09 (0.91, 1.27) | -1.067 | 0.286 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.56 (2.10, 3.25) | 2.48 (1.82, 3.19) | -1.297 | 0.195 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.60 ± 2.01 | 8.94 ± 2.28 | -1.564 | 0.118 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.61 ± 3.53 | 25.27 ± 3.82 | 0.899 | 0.369 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 7.23 ± 2.35 | 7.74 ± 2.71 | -1.770 | 0.079 |
| PBG (mmol/L) | 15.62 ± 3.63 | 15.92 ± 3.68 | -0.710 | 0.478 |
| SD (mmol/L) | 2.25 (1.80, 2.85) | 2.46 (1.89, 3.06) | -2.234 | 0.025 |
| MAGE (mmol/L) | 4.38 (3.47, 5.50) | 4.08 (3.62, 5.56) | -0.168 | 0.866 |
| MODD (mmol/L) | 1.95 (1.40, 2.67) | 2.28 (1.63, 3.08) | -2.562 | 0.010 |
| ADDR (mmol/L) | 21.46 (14.55, 28.02) | 27.37 (15.11, 34.82) | -2.411 | 0.016 |
| M value (mmol/L) | 5.99 (3.01, 11.25) | 11.30 (3.85, 24.67) | -4.096 | < 0.001 |
| TBR (%) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | -1.093 | 0.274 |
| TIR (%) | 72.82 (53.06, 86.79) | 53.12 (28.36, 79.69) | -4.446 | < 0.001 |
| TAR (%) | 26.38 (12.65, 42.97) | 44.73 (19.28, 71.20) | -4.602 | < 0.001 |
| Microvascular complications | ||||
| DN, n (%) | 51 (15.41) | 53 (39.26) | 31.465 | < 0.001 |
| DR, n (%) | 69 (20.85) | 62 (45.93) | 29.846 | < 0.001 |
| Treatment, n (%) | ||||
| No treatment | 27 (8.16) | 7 (5.19) | 7.107 | 0.069 |
| OHA | 104 (31.42) | 29 (21.48) | ||
| Insulin | 44 (13.29) | 20 (14.81) | ||
| OHA and insulin | 156 (47.13) | 79 (58.52) |
Normally distributed variables in the table are presented as the means ± SD, non-normally distributed values are presented as medians (25% and 75% interquartiles), and categorical variables are presented as frequencies (percentages). Student’s t-test was used for comparison of data with a normal distribution, Wilcoxon rank-sum test for those with abnormal distributions, and χ2-test for categorical variables. SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; SCr: Serum creatinine; UA: Uric acid; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; BMI: Body mass index; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; PBG: Postprandial blood glucose; SD: Standard deviation; MAGE: Mean amplitude of glucose excursions; MODD: Means of daily differences; ADDR: Average daily risk range; TBR: Time below range; TIR: Time in range; TAR: Time above range; DN: Diabetic nephropathy; DR: Diabetic retinopathy; OHA: Oral hypoglycemic agents.