Fig. 6.

Chemokine levels (pg/mL) are altered by Tat exposure or morphine in the striatum (a) and spinal cord (b) of Tat transgenic mice. Concentrations of chemokines were assessed using a Bio-Plex cytokine array. G-CSF, GM-CSF, and CXCL1 showed significant Tat-induced reductions in both regions, while CCL5 was only reduced in striatum (^#p < 0.05). Morphine treatment increased G-CSF and GM-CSF concentrations within the spinal cord, and CCL5 concentrations in both regions. All data are expressed as mean pg/mL ± SEM. Samples were normalized to 900 μg/mL (striatum) or 500 μg/mL (spinal cord) via BCA. Statistical significance was assessed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test; *p < 0.05 main effect of drug; ^#p < 0.05 main effect of genotype. Morph short-term (8-day) morphine injections. n = 5–6 mice per group