Table 1.
Socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics of the study participants, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018 (n = 412)
| Characteristics | Total (N) | (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||
| Male | 211 | 51.2% |
| Female | 201 | 48.8% |
| Age group | ||
| 18–32 | 169 | 41.0% |
| 33–47 | 163 | 39.6% |
| ≥ 48 | 80 | 19.4% |
| Marital status | ||
| Never married | 138 | 33.5% |
| Married | 247 | 60.0% |
| separated, widowed, divorced | 27 | 6.6% |
| Educational background | ||
| no formal education | 3 | 0.7% |
| primary education | 75 | 18.2% |
| secondary education | 63 | 15.3% |
| college & above | 271 | 65.8% |
| Quartiles of income per month | ||
| quartile1 | 104 | 25.2% |
| quartile2 | 102 | 24.8% |
| quartile3 | 103 | 25.0% |
| quartile4 | 103 | 25.0% |
| Smoking status | ||
| Non smoker | 372 | 90.3% |
| Former smoker | 22 | 5.3% |
| Currently smoker | 18 | 4.4% |
| Alcohol drinking status | ||
| Yes | 272 | 66.0% |
| No | 140 | 34.0% |
| Chat chewing status | ||
| Non chewer | 347 | 84.2% |
| Former chewer | 47 | 11.4% |
| Currently chewer | 18 | 4.4% |
| Traditional medication | ||
| Yes | 6 | 1.5% |
| No | 406 | 98.5% |
| History of hypertension | ||
| Yes | 74 | 18.0% |
| No | 338 | 82.0% |
| History of diabetes | ||
| Yes | 14 | 3.4% |
| No | 398 | 96.6% |
| History of CVD | ||
| Yes | 22 | 5.3% |
| No | 390 | 94.7% |
| Previous kidney function test measurement | ||
| Yes | 157 | 38.1% |
| No | 255 | 61.9% |
| Previous kidney function test abnormality | ||
| Yes | 48 | 30.6% |
| No | 109 | 69.4% |
| History of kidney stone | ||
| Yes | 27 | 6.6% |
| No | 385 | 93.4% |
| History of repeated UTI and/ or glomerulonephritis | ||
| Yes | 56 | 13.6% |
| No | 356 | 86.4% |
| Family history of renal failure | ||
| Yes | 25 | 6.1% |
| No | 387 | 93.9% |
Quartile1 was less than 1500 birr, quartile2 = 1501–3173 birr, quartile3 = 3174–6676 birr, quartile4 was greater than 6676 birr. The former smoker and chewer were defined as those who smoke or chew before the time of data collection and stops during the study period. UTI Urinary tract infection, CVD Cardiovascular disease. Repeated UTI and/ or glomerulonephritis are defined as the history of more than three times per year exposure of UTI and/ or glomerulonephritis. Herbal medication was defined as participants who had ever taken any traditional healers throughout their life