Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients and their dental clinics according to tooth loss
| Tooth loss | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Absence (n = 1797) | Presence (n = 691) | ||
| Patient-level variables | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age (years) | 57.0 (14.7) | 65.5 (11.2) | < 0.001 |
| Number of teeth | 24.9 (4.5) | 21.2 (6.0) | < 0.001 |
| Number of decayed teeth | 0.4 (1.2) | 0.6 (1.4) | 0.009 |
| Mean PPD (mm) | 2.8 (0.8) | 3.2 (1.0) | < 0.001 |
| BOP (%) | 23.3 (25.5) | 30.4 (28.5) | < 0.001 |
| n (%) | |||
| Gender | |||
| Male | 549 (67.3) | 267 (32.7) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 1248 (74.6) | 424 (25.4) | |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 1307 (75.2) | 430 (24.8) | < 0.001 |
| Past | 362 (65.5) | 191 (34.5) | |
| Current | 128 (64.6) | 70 (35.4) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | |||
| No | 1702 (72.9) | 632 (27.1) | 0.002 |
| Yes | 95 (61.7) | 59 (38.3) | |
| Tooth brushing frequency (times per day) | |||
| ≥ 3 | 685 (76.8) | 207 (23.2) | < 0.001 |
| 2 | 917 (70.8) | 379 (29.2) | |
| ≤ 1 | 195 (65.0) | 105 (35.0) | |
| Use of secondary oral hygiene productsa | |||
| Yes | 1356 (73.0) | 502 (27.0) | 0.082 |
| No | 441 (70.0) | 189 (30.0) | |
| Bleeding during tooth brushing | |||
| No | 1,192 (75.6) | 385 (24.4) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 605 (66.4) | 306 (33.6) | |
| Eating between meals | |||
| No | 205(63.5) | 118 (36.5) | < 0.001 |
| Sometimes | 986 (72.5) | 374 (27.5) | |
| Everyday | 606 (75.3) | 199 (24.7) | |
| Reason for dental visit | |||
| Treatment | 527 (63.0) | 309 (37.0) | < 0.001 |
| Both treatment and maintenance | 313 (68.6) | 143 (31.4) | |
| Maintenance | 957 (80.0) | 239 (20.0) | |
| Education level (years) | |||
| ≥ 13 | 933 (77.2) | 276 (22.8) | < 0.001 |
| ≤ 12 | 868 (67.6) | 415 (32.4) | |
| Economic status | |||
| Low | 307 (72.1) | 119 (27.9) | 0.728 |
| Middle | 1,241 (72.6) | 468 (27.4) | |
| High | 249 (70.5) | 104 (29.5) | |
| Working status | |||
| Yes | 1,079 (77.9) | 306 (22.1) | < 0.001 |
| No | 718 (65.1) | 385 (34.9) | |
| Clinic-level variablesb | |||
| Age of dental clinic director | |||
| 30s or 40s | 600 (76.5) | 184 (23.5) | 0.005 |
| 50s | 907 (70.5) | 380 (29.5) | |
| 60s or over | 290 (69.5) | 127 (30.5) | |
| Gender of dental clinic director | |||
| Male | 1,680 (72.0) | 653 (28.0) | 0.201 |
| Female | 117 (75.5) | 38 (24.5) | |
| Number of dental hygienists | |||
| 0 | 295 (69.6) | 129 (30.4) | 0.005 |
| 1–3 | 1,199 (71.4) | 478 (28.6) | |
| ≥ 4 | 311 (78.7) | 84 (21.3) | |
| Time for oral health instruction (min) | |||
| 0 | 243 (68.5) | 112 (31.5) | 0.003 |
| 1–9 | 570 (69.0) | 256 (31.0) | |
| 10–19 | 613 (74.3) | 212 (25.7) | |
| ≥ 20 | 371 (77.0) | 111 (23.0) | |
SD standard deviation, PPD probing pocket depth, BOP breeding on probing
aDental floss or interdental brush
bThese are the clinic information for each patient based on linking clinic data to patient data