Table 3.
Box–Behnken design and corresponding hesperidin and narirutin yields from immature C. unshiu pomace.
| Run no. | Uncoded (coded) levels | Extraction yield (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature (X1, ℃) | Ethanol concentration (X2, %, v/v) | S/F ratio (X3, mL/g dry sample) | Hesperidin | Narirutin | |
| 1 | 60 (− 1) | 40 (− 1) | 30 (0) | 21.8 | 59.2 |
| 2 | 60 (− 1) | 80 (+ 1) | 30 (0) | 24.7 | 61.8 |
| 3 | 90 (+ 1) | 40 (− 1) | 30 (0) | 43.8 | 68.4 |
| 4 | 90 (+ 1) | 80 (+ 1) | 30 (0) | 38.1 | 69.4 |
| 5 | 60 (− 1) | 60 (0) | 20 (− 1) | 22.6 | 57.7 |
| 6 | 60 (− 1) | 60 (0) | 40 (+ 1) | 42.0 | 75.1 |
| 7 | 90 (+ 1) | 60 (0) | 20 (− 1) | 37.0 | 64.6 |
| 8 | 90 (+ 1) | 60 (0) | 40 (+ 1) | 63.1 | 80.2 |
| 9 | 75 (0) | 40 (− 1) | 20 (− 1) | 25.7 | 58.8 |
| 10 | 75 (0) | 40 (− 1) | 40 (+ 1) | 48.6 | 77.2 |
| 11 | 75 (0) | 80 (+ 1) | 20 (− 1) | 31.5 | 64.7 |
| 12 | 75 (0) | 80 (+ 1) | 40 (+ 1) | 47.4 | 75.4 |
| 13 | 75 (0) | 60 (0) | 30 (0) | 56.5 | 76.9 |
| 14 | 75 (0) | 60 (0) | 30 (0) | 60.0 | 79.8 |
| 15 | 75 (0) | 60 (0) | 30 (0) | 59.9 | 77.5 |
| 16 | 75 (0) | 60 (0) | 30 (0) | 60.7 | 77.4 |
| 17 | 75 (0) | 60 (0) | 30 (0) | 59.3 | 76.8 |
The extraction yield (%) was calculated as the mass (mg) of each flavonoid in the extract divided by that (mg) in the raw immature C. unshiu pomace.