Table 2.
Summary of the Wald Chi-square test results (ANOVA Type II) for generalized linear model (GZLM1; Supplementary Table S2) using week (1–5), group (control vs. stress) and their interaction effects as predictors (GZLM1) in the zebrafish 5-week chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model used in the present study.
| Factors | Df | χ2 | P | Factors | Df | χ2 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NTT distance travelled, cm | NTT time spent not moving, s | ||||||
| Week | 4.00 | 11.12 | 0.03 | Week | 4.00 | 21.09 | < 0.01 |
| Group | 1.00 | 52.03 | < 0.01 | Group | 1.00 | 9.51 | < 0.01 |
| Week × group | 4.00 | 9.52 | NS | Week × Group | 4.00 | 11.95 | 0.02 |
| NTT time spent in top, s | NTT number of top entries | ||||||
| Week | 4.00 | 148.85 | < 0.01 | Week | 4.00 | 14.01 | 0.01 |
| Group | 1.00 | 149.59 | < 0.01 | Group | 1.00 | 0.25 | NS |
| Week × group | 4.00 | 11.76 | 0.02 | Week × group | 4.00 | 18.33 | < 0.01 |
| NTT latency to enter top, s | ZTI time spent active, s | ||||||
| Week | 4.00 | 17.63 | < 0.01 | Week | 4.00 | 10.67 | 0.03 |
| Group | 1.00 | 27.06 | < 0.01 | Group | 1.00 | 0.60 | NS |
| Week × group | 4.00 | 10.38 | 0.03 | Week × group | 4.00 | 19.80 | < 0.01 |
| LDT time spent in light, s | LDT number of light entries | ||||||
| Week | 4.00 | 2.45 | NS | Week | 4.00 | 6.50 | NS |
| Group | 1.00 | 31.54 | < 0.01 | Group | 1.00 | 2.47 | NS |
| Week × group | 4.00 | 17.11 | < 0.01 | Week × group | 4.00 | 2.70 | NS |
| ST distance to surface, cm | ST inter-fish distance, cm | ||||||
| Week | 4.00 | 12.26 | 0.02 | Week | 4.00 | 5.36 | NS |
| Group | 1.00 | 1.31 | NS | Group | 1.00 | 12.76 | < 0.01 |
| Week × group | 4.00 | 34.86 | < 0.01 | Week × group | 4.00 | 5.46 | NS |
| Dopamine, pg/mg | DOPAC/dopamine ratio | ||||||
| Week | 4.00 | 11.02 | 0.03 | Week | 4.00 | 10.67 | 0.03 |
| Group | 1.00 | 0.88 | NS | Group | 1.00 | 0.37 | NS |
| Week × group | 4.00 | 2.77 | NS | Week × group | 4.00 | 3.80 | NS |
| DOPAC, pg/mg | 5-HIAA, pg/mg | ||||||
| Week | 4.00 | 3.51 | NS | Week | 4.00 | 7.19 | NS |
| Group | 1.00 | 0.40 | NS | Group | 1.00 | 2.52 | NS |
| Week × group | 4.00 | 3.40 | NS | Week × group | 4.00 | 14.73 | 0.01 |
| 5-HIAA/serotonin ratio | Serotonin, pg/mg | ||||||
| Week | 4.00 | 6.53 | NS | Week | 4.00 | 4.23 | NS |
| Group | 1.00 | 2.70 | NS | Group | 1.00 | 0.54 | NS |
| Week × group | 4.00 | 18.22 | < 0.01 | Week × group | 4.00 | 5.67 | NS |
| HVA/dopamine ratio | HVA, pg/mg | ||||||
| Week | 4.00 | 7.06 | NS | Week | 4.00 | 3.47 | NS |
| Group | 1.00 | 2.59 | NS | Group | 1.00 | 2.34 | NS |
| Week × group | 4.00 | 5.18 | NS | Week × group | 4.00 | 5.97 | NS |
| Norepinephrine, pg/mg | |||||||
| Week | 4.00 | 13.76 | 0.01 | ||||
| Group | 1.00 | 3.79 | NS | ||||
| Week × group | 4.00 | 4.56 | NS | ||||
Behavioral endpoints were assessed in the novel tank test (NTT), light–dark test (LDT), shoaling test (ST) and the zebrafish tail immobilization test (ZTI), also see Figs. 2 and 3, Table 3 and Supplementary Tables S1–S5 for details.
NS no significant differences (p > 0.05), DOPAC 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 5-HIAA 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, HVA homovanillic acid. Df degree of freedom.