Table 2.
Dietary intake of macronutrients and components of MIND diet score according to the tertiles (T) of the MIND diet score
| Tertiles of MIND diet score | P value | P for trend | P* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (< 6) (n = 294) | T2 (6.5–7.5) (n = 278) | T3 (8<) (n = 264) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | ||||||
| Energy, kcal/day | 2504 ± 1168 | 2688 ± 3040 | 2506 ± 1199 | 0.46 | 0.99 | – |
| Macronutrients | ||||||
| Carbohydrates, g/day | 371 ± 198 | 415 ± 759 | 366 ± 173 | 0.39 | 0.89 | 0.77 |
| Protein, g/day | 85.6 ± 45.2 | 88.9 ± 58.6 | 84.5 ± 38.1 | 0.53 | 0.79 | 0.87 |
| Total fat, g/day | 82.5 ± 45.3 | 80.9 ± 49.7 | 83.4 ± 59.1 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.40 |
| Components of MIND diet score | ||||||
| Brain healthy foods | ||||||
| Green leafy vegetables, g/day | 32.6 ± 26.0 | 54.9 ± 68.5 | 96.2 ± 88.4 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Other vegetables, g/day | 253 ± 139 | 380 ± 301 | 533 ± 352 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Nuts, g/day | 8.25 ± 34.1 | 8.07 ± 23.9 | 12.2 ± 31.6 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.19 |
| Berries, g/day | 3.80 ± 29.4 | 6.29 ± 23.3 | 14.2 ± 50.8 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Beans, g/day | 31.5 ± 42.8 | 40.4 ± 40.3 | 50.7 ± 50.7 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Whole grains, g/day | 1.64 ± 14.1 | 2.55 ± 14.7 | 4.01 ± 13.0 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.13 |
| Fish, g/day | 7.49 ± 10.5 | 11.6 ± 21.2 | 18.0 ± 29.0 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Poultry, g/day | 18.0 ± 28.6 | 24.8 ± 33.1 | 37.7 ± 46.5 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Olive oil, g/day | 0.40 ± 1.36 | 1.51 ± 4.58 | 2.61 ± 4.62 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Brain unhealthy foods | ||||||
| Cheese, g/day | 25.0 ± 23.8 | 22.2 ± 30.1 | 20.6 ± 27.0 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.13 |
| Red meat and products, g/day | 43.5 ± 39.3 | 47.5 ± 55.7 | 49.5 ± 91.6 | 0.54 | 0.27 | 0.54 |
| Butter and margarine, g/day | 7.99 ± 12.7 | 6.66 ± 21.3 | 6.94 ± 22.0 | 0.67 | 0.51 | 0.68 |
| Fast fried foods, g/day | 21.1 ± 56.1 | 12.0 ± 22.0 | 10.2 ± 20.1 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Pastries and sweets, g/day | 81.0 ± 89.5 | 67.3 ± 87.4 | 66.8 ± 77.6 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.08 |
Values are based on mean ± standard deviation or reported percentage
One-way ANOVA have been used
Green leafy vegetables: cabbage, greens, lettuce, kale, spinach; other vegetables: green/red peppers, potato, peas or lima beans, tomatoes, tomato sauce, eggplant, onion, cucumber, squash, cooked carrots, raw carrots, broccoli, celery, corn, zucchini; berries: strawberries (strawberry, cherries, fresh berries)
Nuts: walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, almonds, peanuts; whole grains: dark bread (Iranian); fish: fish and tuna fish; beans: beans, lentils, peas, chick pea, soybeans; poultry: chicken, butter, margarine: butter, margarine, animal fats; cheese: cheese, red meat and products: red meat, hamburger, sausages; fast fried foods: French fries, pizza; pastries and sweets: biscuit, cake, chocolate, ice cream, confections, cocoa, Gaz (an Iranian confectionery made of sugar, nuts and tamarisk), cookies, candy, ice cream
MIND diet score Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay
P value less than 0.05 was considered significant
*Adjusted for energy intake