Figure 9.
(A) Schematic illustration and molecular structure of bisphosphonate-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-BP). (B) Efficient in situ self-assembly of BP-M NPs surrounding grafted BP groups of HA-BP macromers via BP-M coordination. (C) Hydrogel networks are stabilized by the BP-M NPs. (D) Representative elements (AEM and TM) and diameters of corresponding divalent cations (numbers under the name of elements, unit: pm) used for hydrogel fabrication. (E,F) Representative oscillatory rheological analysis results of the nanocomposite hydrogels prepared with a series of AEM ions and TM ions, respectively. All hydrogels were prepared with identical concentrations of ions, free BP, and HA-BP. (G) Rheological data for the HA-BP-M nanocomposite hydrogels under alternating high (20%) and low shear (0.1%). Reprinted with permission from ref190. Copyright 2019 WILEY-VCH.