Table 4.
Assemblages and sub-assemblages of G. duodenalis in buffaloes worldwide.
| Country | Study period | Number of animals | Animal age (months) | Genes | Assemblages | Sub-assemblages | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | NA | 57 | - | bg | A. E | A1 | (10) |
| Australia | NA | 476 | A/c | tpi | A. E | - | (18) |
| Sri Lanka | 2012–2013 | 297 | <6–≥6 | tpi | E | - | (19) |
| Egypt | 2011 | 211 | A/c | bg. gdh. tpi | E | - | (30) |
| India | 2012 | 22 | - | gdh | - | - | (31) |
| Egypt | 2013–2014 | 100 | 1–4 | ssu rRNA | - | - | (32) |
| India | 2014–2016 | 83 | A/c | ssu rRNA. tpi | A | - | (27) |
| Brazil | 2016 | 183 | ≥6 | ssu rRNA. bg. gdh. tpi | E | - | (33) |
| Australia | 2017 | 313 | - | bg. gdh | E | - | (29) |
ssurRNA, Small Subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene; bg, β-giardin gene; gdh, Glutamate dehydrogenase gene; tpi, triosephosphate isomerase gene; A/c, Adults/calves; NA, not available.