Table 3. Body composition.
| Baseline | 12 wks | Change from baseline | Percentage change from baseline | T-distribution | df | With-in group | F-ratio | Time x group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p-value | p-value | ||||
| Body fat percentage (%) | ||||||||||||
| THG n = 28 (14) | 32.7 | 8.7 | 31.5 | 8.6 | -1.2 | 1.5 | -3.7% | 4.137 | 27 | <0.001* | 5.044 | 0.029* |
| CON n = 26 (14) | 31.7 | 7.9 | 31.4 | 8.1 | -0.3 | 1.6 | -0.9% | 0.739 | 25 | 0.467 | ||
| FFM (kg) | ||||||||||||
| THG n = 28 (14) | 53.2 | 9.2 | 54.3 | 9.5 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 2.2% | -5.816 | 27 | <0.001* | 4.564 | <0.037* |
| CON n = 26 (14) | 53.3 | 11.5 | 53.8 | 12.0 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.0% | -2.530 | 25 | 0.018* | ||
| FFM legs (kg) | ||||||||||||
| THG n = 28 (14) | 19.2 | 3.8 | 19.7 | 4.0 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 2.5% | -4.657 | 27 | <0.001* | 2.574 | 0.151 |
| CON n = 26 (14) | 18.9 | 4.4 | 19.2 | 4.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.3% | -2.617 | 25 | 0.015* | ||
| BMC (kg) | ||||||||||||
| THG n = 28 (14) | 2.84 | 0.41 | 2.87 | 0.42 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 1.1% | -3.405 | 27 | 0.002* | 7.151 | 0.010* |
| CON n = 26 (14) | 2.83 | 0.57 | 2.83 | 0.56 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.0% | -0.180 | 25 | 0.859 | ||
| BMC legs (kg) | ||||||||||||
| THG n = 28 (14) | 1.05 | 0.20 | 1.06 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 1.2% | -4.234 | 27 | <0.001* | 9.175 | <0.004* |
| CON n = 26 (14) | 1.05 | 0.25 | 1.05 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.02 | -0.4% | 0.880 | 25 | 0.387 | ||
| Total body BMD (g/cm2) | ||||||||||||
| THG n = 28 (14) | 1.265 | 0.096 | 1.268 | 0.091 | 0.003 | 0.022 | 0.2% | -0.733 | 27 | 0.470 | 0.329 | 0.569 |
| CON n = 25 (13) | 1.251 | 0.129 | 1.250 | 0.126 | -0.001 | 0.018 | -0.1% | -0.043 | 24 | 0.966 | ||
| Total hip BMD (g/cm2) | ||||||||||||
| THG n = 28 (14) | 1.099 | 0.115 | 1.117 | 0.115 | 0.018 | 0.017 | 1.6% | -5.410 | 27 | <0.001* | 21.844 | <0.001* |
| CON n = 25 (13) | 1.061 | 0.137 | 1.060 | 0.140 | -0.001 | 0.011 | -0.1% | 0.590 | 24 | 0.561 | ||
| Total body T-score | ||||||||||||
| THG n = 28 (14) | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 8.3% | -1.007 | 27 | 0.323 | 0.284 | 0.596 |
| CON n = 25 (13) | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0% | -0.312 | 24 | 0.758 | ||
| Total hip T-score | ||||||||||||
| THG n = 28 (14) | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 50.0% | -5.014 | 27 | <0.001* | 18.266 | <0.001* |
| CON n = 25 (13) | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 1.1 | -0.1 | 0.1 | -50.0% | 0.749 | 24 | 0.461 | ||
*Different from baseline (p≤0.05). Means ± standard deviation for both the team handball group (THG) and control group (CON) before (baseline) and after (12 wks) the intervention period. The mean change score for group and standard deviation (SD) (change from baseline) is presented along with the percentage change from baseline. Table 3 shows the within-group T-distribution, degrees of freedom (df) and p-values, along with F-ratio and between-group p-values. Body fat percentage (%), free fat mass (FFM (g)), bone mineral content (BMC (g)), bone mineral density (BMD (g/cm2)) and T-score (total body T-score) for the whole body are shown in the table. Furthermore, fat free mass (FFM legs (g)) and bone mineral content (BMC (g)) for the legs are presented. In addition, T-score for the whole body (total body T-score) and hip (total hip T-score) are presented.