Table 4.
Comparison of health care provider (HCP) and caregiver attitudes and practices in pre- and post- IPV introduction surveys in two regions of the Philippines, 2015–2016.
| Pre-introduction n (%) | Post-introduction n (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Health care providersa | n = 33b | ||
| Highest number of injections given to one child during a vaccination visit | |||
| 1–2 | 19 (58) | 1 (3) | <0.0001 |
| 3 or more | 14 (42) | 32 (97) | |
| Comfort level with the highest number of injections administered to one child at a single visit Comfortable or very comfortable | 30 (91) | 30 (91) | 1.0 |
| Uncomfortable or very uncomfortable | 3 (9) | 3 (9) | |
| Highest number of injections you would be willing to administer to one child at a single visit | |||
| 1–2 | 12 (36) | 8 (24) | 0.157 |
| 3 or more or any number recommended by the national immunization program | 21 (63) | 25 (76) | |
| Perception of the proportion of parents in the community that would allow their children to receive 3 injections at one visit | |||
| All or most | 27 (82) | 32 (97) | 0.025 |
| Some | 6 (18) | 1 (3) | |
| It is better for a child to receive more injectable vaccines at a single visit if it means that they will be better protected against diseases (n = 32) | |||
| Agree | 28 (88) | 32 (1 0 0) | <0.0001 |
| Disagree | 4 (12) | 0 | |
| It is better for a child to receive 3 injectable vaccinations in 1 visit rather than 1 injectable vaccination in 3 separate visits (n = 32) | |||
| Agree | 26 (81) | 30 (94) | 0.103 |
| Disagree | 6 (19) | 2 (6) | |
| There will be fewer side effects if a child receives one injectable vaccination in each of two separate visits rather than two injections in a single visit (n = 32) | |||
| Agree | 7 (22) | 7 (22) | 1.0 |
| Disagree | 25 (78) | 25 (78) | |
| Caregiversc | n = 286d | n = 308d | |
| Highest number of injections you would be comfortable with your child receiving | |||
| 1–2 | 166 (58) | 88 (29) | <0.0001 |
| 3 or more or any number recommended by the EPI program | 120 (42) | 220 (71) | |
| It is better for a child to receive more injectable vaccines at a single visit if it means that they will be better protected against diseases (n = 566)e | |||
| Agree | 157 (58) | 252 (85) | <0.0001 |
| Disagree | 114(42) | 43 (15) | |
| There will be fewer side effects if a child receives one injectable vaccinations in each of two or three separate visits rather than two or three injections in a single visit (n = 492)e | |||
| Agree | 138(57) | 112 (45) | 0.014 |
| Disagree | 104 (43) | 138 (55) | |
| Instead of visiting the clinic on 3 occasions to provide your child with 1 injection at each visit, you would prefer to visit the clinic only once so that your child receives all 3 vaccine injections at one visit (n = 569)e | |||
| Agree | 137 (49) | 224 (77) | <0.0001 |
| Disagree | 142 (51) | 66 (23) | |
| You are more concerned about your child having pain and discomfort from vaccinations spread out over multiple visits than about pain and discomfort from vaccinations given all at once during a single visit (n = 556)e | |||
| Agree | 174 (64) | 195 (69) | |
| Disagree | 100 (36) | 87 (31) | 0.349 |
| Vaccines will not work as well if many are injected at a single visit (n = 452)e | |||
| Agree | 70 (33) | 49 (21) | |
| Disagree | 145 (67) | 188 (79) | 0.001 |
Pre-introduction: Region 3, n = 140; Region 6, n = 146.
Post-introduction: Region 3, n = 157; Region 6, n = 151.
Comparison of paired sample using McNemar’s test from subset of 33 HCPs (maximum 1 per primary health center, PHC) in regions 3 & 6 that were surveyed both pre- and post-introduction.
Number of HCPs from each region: Region 3, n = 14; Region 6, n = 19.
Number of caregivers from each region: Pre-introduction – Region 3 n = 140, Region 6 n = 146 Post-introduction Region 3 n = 157 Region 6 n = 151.
Comparison of independent samples in regions 3 and 6 pre- and post-IPV using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test of general association adjusted for PHC.
Caregivers that responded “I don’t know” were excluded from this analysis; hence the number of caregivers was less than the total sample of 594.