Fig. 1. Vote count reveals that agricultural diversification practices generally have a positive impact on biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Number of reported effect sizes with a significant positive (green), negative (red), or neutral (gray) response to agricultural diversification, overall (A) and to each category of diversification practice separately (B to G). The systematic review comprises 456 effect sizes from 98 meta-analyses based on 6167 original studies (fig. S1). Diversification practice and ecosystem service categories were based on classifications following (8, 9) and (13, 14, 27), respectively (tables S1 and S2).