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. 2020 Dec 1;11(6):1374–1394. doi: 10.14336/AD.2020.1020

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copyright: © 2020 Hattiangady et al.

this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 1. — Early grafting of hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) reduced spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) at three months post-SE, curbed the progression of SRS at 3-5 months post-SE, and restrained the frequency and severity of SRS at 8 months post-SE as revealed by behavioral and EEG quantifications. The bar charts A1-A4 show the frequency of all SRS (A1), stage V SRS (A2), duration of individual SRS (A3), and the percentage of recorded time spent in SRS activity (A4). Note that the overall frequency and intensity of SRS as well as the percentage of time spent in SRS activity were significantly lower in the SE+NSC group (green), in comparison to the SE only(red) and SE+DC (blue) groups at 4 and 5 months post-SE (A1, A2, A4). All SRS activity parameters were mostly comparable between the SE+DC and SE only groups, implying that dead cell grafting after SE did not diminish or exacerbate SRS activity (A1, A2, A4). Also, note the progressive increase in SRS activity over 3-5 months in SE only and SE+DC groups compared to the SE+NSC group where SRS remained constant (A1-A4). Video-EEG recordings and analyses at 8 months post-SE revealed a sustained reduction in SRS at an extended time point after SE (B1-B6). EEG tracings in B1 and B2 show the reduced severity of SRS activity in the SE+NSC group (B2) in comparison to the SE alone group (B1). The bar charts (B3-B6) compare the various EEG data between the SE only and SE+NSC groups at 8 months after SE, which revealed significantly reduced SRS activity for all measured parameters. * p < 0.05. **p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.