Table 2.
Antioxidants in Depression.
| Antioxidants | Anti-OS activity | Mechanism of anti-OS activity and others | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | bay 60-7550 | anti-OS | downregulate gp91phox; activate the cAMP/cGMP-pVASP-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway |
| p-chloro-diphenyl diselenide | modulate glutamate neurotransmission | ||
| homocysteine | inhibit ROS by activating NMDA receptors | ||
| vitamin D | suppress OS | ||
| 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | anti-OS; anti-inflammation | reduce proinflammatory factors; restore the diminished Akt signaling pathway; faciliate astrocyte proliferation and neurogenesis | |
| vorinostat | modulate NF-κB p65, COX-2 and phosphorylated JNK levels | ||
| melatonin | inhibit OS and inflammation | ||
| naringenin | |||
| iptakalim | |||
| silymarin | |||
| resveratrol | |||
| honokiol | |||
| oxytocin | |||
| vanillin | |||
| trigonelline | |||
| quercetin | |||
| α-tocopherol | |||
| baicalin | |||
| selenium-containing compounds | |||
| ketamine | increase glutamate release; affect energy metabolism | ||
| mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 | anti-OS; anti-inflammation; anti-apoptosis | downregulate the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome; suppress the ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 pathway in astrocytes | |
| dl-3-n-butylphthalide | inhibit OS, inflammatory responses and apoptosis | ||
| indole-3-carbinol | |||
| 25-methoxyhispidol A | |||
| allicin | reduce neuroinflammation, OS, iron overaccumulation; inhibit neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus | ||
| AVLE | suppress the apoptosis of hippocampus cells via regulation of Bcl-2/Bax pathways |