Table 4.
Means (±standard deviations) of glycemic control and markers of cardiometabolic risk at baseline and after the 8-week intervention in patients with overweight and obese that received vitamin D supplement or placebo.
| Placebo group1 (n = 29) | Vitamin D group2 (n = 30) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of the trial | Change | P a | Baseline | End of the trial | Change | P a | P b | |
| Serum 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 19.3 ± 3.6 | 19.9 ± 3.5 | 0.6 ± 1.4 | 0.6 | 19.8 ± 2.6 | 36.6 ± 9.8 | 16.8 ± 8.8 | 0.02 | <0.001 |
| Omentin-1 (mg/dL) | 201.7 ± 197.6 | 216.9 ± 179.4 | 15.2 ± 229.1 | 0.6 | 255 ± 267.1 | 273.5 ± 280.11 | 18.49 ± 280.6 | 0.5 | 0.75 |
| Spexin (pg/mL) | 8169.4 ± 6753.2 | 8355.1 ± 6109 | 185.7 ± 6045.7 | 0.9 | 8533.3 ± 6198.2 | 8738.2 ± 5959.3 | 204.9 ± 5325.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
| hs-CRP (ng/mL) | 4014.54 ± 4730.89 | 3908 ± 5100.4 | −106.54 ± 5058.3 | 0.6 | 3606 ± 0.522 | 2756 ± 0.344 | −850 ± 0.321 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| sICAM-1(ng/L) | 835.8 ± 687.1 | 644.4 ± 368.5 | −191.3 ± 729.2 | 0.4 | 837.8 ± 578.7 | 530.5 ± 389.3 | −307.2 ± 466.6 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| FBS (mg/dL) | 101 .75 ± 10.84 | 104.20 ± 25.12 | 2.4 ± 19.7 | 0.09 | 100.70 ± 9.86 | 96.96 ± 10.84 | −3.7 ± 10.71 | 0.07 | 0.2 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 180.62 ± 74.13 | 182.82 ± 87.76 | 2.2 ± 64.4 | 0.7 | 172.36 ± 94.33 | 135.06 ± 64.5 | −37.3 ± 75.7 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 51.89 ± 10.33 | 52.31 ± 10.51 | 0.41 ± 8.8 | 0.8 | 46.80 ± 13.46 | 52.2 ± 14.31 | 5.4 ± 10.58 | <0.001 | 0.08 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 137.3 ± 44.48 | 141.5 ± 38.34 | 4.24 ± 37.38 | 0.59 | 139.50 ± 74.60 | 130.20 ± 54.48 | −9.3 ± 39.24 | 0.45 | 0.08 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 212.34 ± 34.11 | 206.5 ± 37.31 | −5.8 ± 41.34 | 0.44 | 205.13 ± 77.93 | 190.03 ± 73.21 | −15.10 ± 24.90 | 0.06 | 0.6 |
| VLDL-C (mg/dL) | 82.1 ± 33.6 | 83.1 ± 39.8 | 1 ± 29.2 | 0.7 | 78.3 ± 42.8 | 61.3 ± 29.3 | −16.9 ± 34.4 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 11.51 ± 1.47 | 11.06 ± 1.74 | −0.44 ± 1.53 | 0.12 | 11.26 ± 1.72 | 11.33 ± 1.65 | 0.06 ± 1.16 | 0.75 | 0.55 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 8.03 ± 1.68 | 7.84 ± 1.32 | −0.18 ± 1.12 | 0.58 | 8.30 ± 1.55 | 8.22 ± 1.44 | −0.8 ± 1.25 | 0.76 | 0.8 |
FBS: fasting blood sugar; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; VLDL-C: very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure. 1Received placebo per day during 8 weeks. 2Received 2,000 IU vitamin D per day during 8 weeks. ∗Significant difference (P < 0.05). Pa: comparison of within-group changes (paired-sample t-test). Pb: comparison of between-group changes (independent t-test). Data are presented as means ± SDs.