Table 2.
Correlation coefficients between the number of new COVID-19 cases during a 5-day period and the mean 5 days temperature, relative humidity, PM2.5 and CVI for the bi-monthly periods March–April, May–June and the 4-month period March–June 2020
| Portugal (7 regions) | Spain (19 regions) | Italy (21 regions) | U.K. (10 regions) | France (13 regions) | Belgium (3 regions) | Netherlands (12 regions) | Germany (15 regions) | Swiss (23 regions) | Poland (15 regions) | Sweden (21 regions) | Norway (11 regions) | Balcans (6 regions) | Europe (176 regions) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March–April | ||||||||||||||
| Temperature | − 0.14 (77) | − 0.38* (231) | − 0.59* (209) | 0.21 (110) | − 0.18 (143) | 0.21 (33) | 0.22 (132) | − 0.05 (176) | − 0.26* (253) | 0.38* (176) | 0.41* (231) | − 0.19 (121) | 0.21 (64) | − 0.13 (1892) |
| Relative humidity | 0.27 (77) | − 0.16 (231) | − 0.11 (209) | − 0.02 (110) | − 0.56* (143) | − 0.72* (33) | − 0.62* (132) | − 0.43* (176) | − 0.11 (253) | − 0.57* (176) | − 0.48* (231) | 0.3* (121) | − 0.25 (64) | − 0.06 (1892) |
| PM 2.5 | 0.27 (77) | 0.19* (231) | 0.26* (209) | 0.44* (110) | 0.28* (143) | 0.52* (33) | 0.5* (132) | 0.31* (176) | 0.21* (253) | − 0.07 (176) | − 0.14 (231) | − 0.14 (121) | 0.43* (64) | 0.21* (1892) |
| CVI | 0.16 (77) | 0.13 (231) | 0.3* (209) | 0.44* (110) | 0.23* (143) | 0.51* (33) | 0.47* (132) | 0.31* (176) | 0.21* (253) | − 0.09 (176) | − 0.18* (231) | − 0.03 (121) | 0.47* (64) | 0.21* (1892) |
| May–June | ||||||||||||||
| Temperature | 0.09 (49) | − 0.22* (252) | − 0.07 (228) | − 0.16 (120) | − 0.24* (156) | − 0.68* (36) | − 0.36* (144) | − 0.29* (192) | − 0.23* (276) | 0.33* (192) | 0.32* (252) | − 0.23 (11) | − 0.07 (42) | 0.11 (1908) |
| Relative humidity | 0.06 (49) | 0.05 (252) | − 0.1 (228) | 0.07 (120) | − 0.22* (156) | − 0.21 (36) | − 0.11 (144) | − 0.02 (192) | 0.14 (276) | 0.26* (192) | − 0.19* (252) | 0.56 (11) | 0.05 (42) | 0.13 (1908) |
| PM 2.5 | 0.32 (49) | 0.14 (252) | 0.1 (228) | 0.22 (120) | 0.27* (156) | − 0.11 (36) | − 0.06 (144) | − 0.23* (192) | − 0.16* (276) | 0.33* (192) | 0.11 (252) | 0.65 (11) | − 0.02 (42) | 0.1 (1908) |
| CVI | 0.27 (49) | 0.07 (252) | 0.07 (228) | 0.25* (120) | 0.24* (156) | − 0.15 (36) | − 0.09 (144) | − 0.24* (192) | − 0.15 (276) | 0.36* (192) | 0.1 (252) | 0.64 (11) | 0.02 (42) | 0.11 (1908) |
| March–June | ||||||||||||||
| Temperature | 0.02 (126) | − 0.5* (483) | − 0.6* (437) | − 0.09 (230) | − 0.43* (299) | − 0.46* (69) | − 0.37* (276) | − 0.42* (368) | − 0.42* (529) | 0.35* (368) | 0.49* (483) | − 0.21 (132) | − 0.07 (106) | 0.11 (3800) |
| Relative humidity | 0.15 (126) | − 0.13 (483) | 0.13 (437) | 0.02 (230) | − 0.39* (299) | − 0.39* (69) | − 0.45* (276) | − 0.38* (368) | − 0.23* (529) | 0.27* (368) | − 0.3* (483) | 0.3* (132) | − 0.2 (106) | 0.09 (3800) |
| PM 2.5 | 0.29* (126) | 0.33* (483) | 0.29* (437) | 0.36* (230) | 0.37* (299) | 0.28 (69) | 0.16* (276) | 0.11 (368) | 0.27* (529) | 0.15* (368) | 0.04 (483) | − 0.13 (132) | 0.4* (106) | 0.05 (3800) |
| CVI | 0.2 (126) | 0.26* (483) | 0.33* (437) | 0.37* (230) | 0.35* (299) | 0.29 (69) | 0.14 (276) | 0.12 (368) | 0.27* (529) | 0.18* (368) | 0.02 (483) | − 0.01 (132) | 0.4* (106) | 0.05 (3800) |
*Denotes statistically significant correlations at 99% c.l