Table 4.

Measures taken by each country during COVID-19 pandemic

Country	Measures
Italy	4 March: full closure of all schools and universities nationwide
Spain	14 March: all citizens in quarantine except for those working in healthcare or other vital activities, closing all non-critical businesses
Portugal	March 18: the entirety of the Portuguese territory in a State of Emergency
	April 2–17: extension of the State of Emergency
UK	18 March: Closed schools
	21 March: Closed bars, restaurants, cafes and other entertainment venues
	22 March: Advised vulnerable people to stay at home
	23 March: Initiated Lockdown Phase, Closed most businesses
Germany	16 March: Non-essential public services closed
	22 March: Public gatherings banned
France	13 March: closure of all non-essential public places
	6 March: mandatory home confinement
Belgium	29 January: travel notice advising against non-essential flights to China, Hong Kong excluded
	10 March: the government advised citizens to cancel any indoor scheduled events to be attended by more than 1,000 people for the month of March
	12 March: federal phase of crisis management = closure of schools, discos, cafes and restaurants, cancellation of all public gatherings for sporting, cultural or festive purposes
	17 March: additional measures = Stricter social distancing measures from noon the following day until 5 April, with non-essential travel prohibited, non-essential shops to close, gatherings banned, with penalties for corporate and individual persons who failed to comply with the restrictions
Netherlands	12 March: Gatherings of more than 100 people banned
	13 March: Prison visitations limited to legal affairs
	15 March: All food and beverage outlets, bars, cafes, restaurants, gyms, saunas, sex clubs and coffee shops required to close, except for takeaway and delivery services. Schools closed
	17 March: All education services closed
	23 March: Visits to youth, disability and psychiatric care restricted
	23 March: Ban on non-essential outdoors activities, gatherings with more than 2 people banned, 1.5 m introduced
Poland	12 March—10 April: All schools were closed
	20 March: An official epidemic was declared
	24 March: home restriction
Switzerland	20 March: the government announced that no lockdown would be implemented, but all events or meetings over 5 people were prohibited
	13 March: cancelling of classes in all educational establishments until 4 April 2020, and banning all events (public or private) involving more than 100 people
Sweden	11 March: limiting freedom of assembly by banning all gatherings larger than 500 people
	No mandatory lockdown
Norway	12 March: a national lockdown was announced
	13 March, Norway introduced a ban on visits to Norway through Oslo airport
Greece	10 March: suspension of school operation
	13 March: close down all cafes, bars, museums, shopping centres, sports facilities and restaurants in the country
	6 March, all retail shops were also closed and all services in all areas of religious worship of any religion or dogma were suspended. Supermarkets, pharmacies, food outlets that offer take-away and delivery only, as well as some other businesses, remained open
	23 March: significant restrictions on all nonessential transport and movement
Albania	8 March: all schools for two weeks, ordered cancellation of all large public gatherings, and asked sports federations to cancel scheduled matches
	12 March: 72-h curfew during which only transportation of basic needs such as food and medicine would be permitted, a three-month loan holiday, and the forced closure of garment factories and call centres
	15 March: hardening of its lockdown
Montenegro	13 March: initial round of precautionary measures
Slovenia	16 March: all educational institutions, public transport, all
	restaurants and bars
	20 March: De facto quarantine (with some exemptions)
Croatia	1 February: preparedness measures for the coronavirus epidemic to be prepared for all scenarios
	24 February: additional measures that Croatia will take against the spread of coronavirus, with enhanced control of border crossings to Italy
	3 March: people 60 and those suffering from chronic diseases, according to which they should avoid visiting and entering overcrowded public areas
	16 March: two-week suspension of classes in schools and colleges
Bosnia-Herzegovina	11 March: 2-week shutdown of all schools, high schools and universities
	18 March: an order that banned all public gatherings, suspending the operation of all catering facilities for the preparation and sale of food and beverages, restaurants, pizzerias, confectioneries, beauty salons, hookah bars, coffee bars, discos, tea shops, cafes, private dentists
	20 March: order which banned the movement of people under the age of 18 and over 65
	22 March: a curfew was introduced every day from 18:00 until 05:00