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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Res. 2020 Sep 13;160:105190. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105190

Figure 3. The role of PROK2 via its receptors PKR1 and PKR2 in brain and heart injuries.

Figure 3.

Overall PROK2 (nM concentration) promotes a survival pathway to protect the neuron and cardiac cells against injury. However low dose (pM) of PROK2 may induces proapoptotic signaling that is detrimental for neuronal injury. Whether these contrary roles of PROK2 in CNS are depending on the different concentration, injury type or receptors have not been clarified yet. PKR1 signaling is beneficial, whereas PKR2 signaling detrimental in heart injuries.