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. 2020 Nov 5;8:590008. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.590008

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

An engineered Cre-Flex system for high efficiency conversion in the monkey cortex. (A) Monkey cortex was injected with AAV9 hGFAP::GFP + GFAP::Cre together with either Flex-CAG::mCherry (control) or Flex-CAG::NeuroD1-mCherry and analyzed at 42 dpi. AAV9 GFAP::GFP was used to label local astrocytes in the cortex. (B) Representative images showing astrocytes (GFAP+) co-infected by the control viruses (AAV9 GFAP::GFP + GFAP::Cre + Flex-CAG::mCherry). Scar bars, 20 μm. (C,D) Representative images showing converted neurons (arrowhead, NeuN+) after infected by NeuroD1 viruses (AAV9 GFAP::GFP + GFAP::Cre + Flex-CAG::NeuroD1-mCherry) at 42 dpi. Note that GFAP::GFP-only infected cells were still astrocytes (D, green arrow). Scar bars, 20 μm. (E) Quantification of the neuronal conversion efficiency (NeuN+/GFP+mCherry+) among mCherry control (2.5 ± 2.5%) and NeuroD1-mCherry infected cells (94.4 ± 5.5%). The data are mean ± SEM. N = 9 regions from triplicate sections for each side. ****p < 0.0001 by Mann–Whitney test.