Table 2.
Differential serum metabolites with common metabolic characteristics in the nonmetastatic OS group and lung metastatic OS group
| Metabolites | Nonmetastasis vs. control | Metastasis vs. control | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P valuea | FDR valueb | VIPc | Log2FCd |
p valuea |
FDR valueb | VIPc | Log2FCd | |
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.11 | − 2.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.11 | − 1.83 |
| FA 10:0 + 1O | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.53 | − 1.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.53 | − 1.36 |
| Testosterone sulfate | 0.00 | 0.00 | 9.40 | − 1.58 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 9.40 | − 1.36 |
| Iminodiacetic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.25 | − 1.37 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.25 | − 1.27 |
| 3-Cmpfp(3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-pentyl-2-furanpropanoic acid) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.55 | − 1.52 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.55 | − 1.10 |
| CMPF(3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid) | 0.00 | 0.01 | 4.68 | − 1.11 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 4.68 | − 1.21 |
| Decanoylcarnitine | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.56 | − 1.35 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 1.94 | − 0.83 |
| 4-O-Methylgallic acid | 0.02 | 0.08 | 3.22 | − 0.63 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.22 | − 1.50 |
| 9-HpODE | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.20 | − 1.14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.20 | − 0.76 |
| Octanoylcarnitine | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.96 | − 1.16 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 1.39 | − 0.66 |
| 9-Decenoylcarnitine | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.94 | − 1.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.53 | − 0.69 |
| LysoPE(18:2) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.69 | − 0.80 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.65 | − 0.76 |
| PC(18:2/18:2) | 0.01 | 0.03 | 4.16 | − 0.71 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 3.66 | − 0.77 |
| 3-Oxooctanoic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.64 | − 1.26 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 1.64 | − 0.20 |
| LysoPE(18:1) | 0.02 | 0.08 | 2.29 | − 0.65 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.70 | − 0.68 |
| Cis-Acetylacrylate | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.40 | − 0.70 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.40 | − 0.50 |
| Arginine | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.37 | − 0.62 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 2.34 | − 0.50 |
| Azelaic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.55 | − 0.75 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 1.55 | − 0.34 |
| L-histidine | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.16 | − 0.45 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.16 | − 0.55 |
| Ureidoisobutyric acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.25 | − 0.44 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.25 | − 0.52 |
| N-Acetylglutamine | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.70 | − 0.46 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.72 | − 0.43 |
| Uric acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 5.43 | − 0.37 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 5.43 | − 0.42 |
| Aspartic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.33 | − 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.33 | − 0.29 |
| LysoPC(20:5) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.71 | − 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.75 | − 0.20 |
| Isoleucine | 0.00 | 0.00 | 11.90 | 0.37 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 7.55 | 0.23 |
| Piperidine | 0.00 | 0.01 | 6.00 | 0.51 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 1.72 | 0.22 |
| Leucine | 0.00 | 0.00 | 11.49 | 0.52 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 6.22 | 0.30 |
| Choline | 0.00 | 0.00 | 5.63 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 6.45 | 0.51 |
| Phosphoric acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.19 | 0.55 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 4.19 | 0.47 |
| 2-Hydroxybutyric acid | 0.00 | 0.01 | 4.84 | 0.46 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.84 | 0.78 |
| Proline | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.51 | 0.88 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 1.02 | 0.57 |
| Succinic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.82 | 0.77 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 2.82 | 0.72 |
| 2-hydroxy-2-methylisobutyric acid | 0.00 | 0.01 | 1.53 | 0.78 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.53 | 0.74 |
| Arachidonic acid | 0.03 | 0.09 | 3.94 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.94 | 1.09 |
| 6-Hydroxycaproic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.70 | 0.80 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 1.70 | 0.79 |
| Beta-Guanidinopropionic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 7.51 | 0.96 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 6.98 | 0.93 |
| Pyroglutamic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 10.42 | 1.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 8.93 | 0.90 |
| Lactic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 28.95 | 1.17 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 28.95 | 0.85 |
| LysoPC(P-18:0) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.61 | 0.64 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.97 | 1.63 |
| Oleoylcarnitine | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.83 | 1.20 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.83 | 1.15 |
| 2-Hydroxyglutaric acid | 0.00 | 0.01 | 1.10 | 1.19 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 1.10 | 1.17 |
| Glycero-3-phosphocholine | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.52 | 0.76 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.83 | 1.67 |
| Malic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.70 | 1.29 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 2.70 | 1.16 |
| Linoleyl carnitine | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.72 | 1.41 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.48 | 1.20 |
| Pyruvic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.98 | 1.53 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.98 | 1.56 |
| Taurine | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.10 | 1.78 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.10 | 1.36 |
| Glutamic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.04 | 1.61 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.93 | 1.84 |
| Niacinamide | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.68 | 1.82 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.78 | 1.99 |
| 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.79 | 3.08 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 1.79 | 2.41 |
| Sphingosine | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.13 | 1.29 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.85 | 4.48 |
| Hypoxanthine | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.11 | 2.29 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.80 | 3.79 |
| Adenosine monophosphate | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.56 | 3.64 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.56 | 3.66 |
| Inosine-5-monophosphate | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.66 | 3.89 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.66 | 3.54 |
| Ascorbic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.50 | 4.91 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 4.50 | 4.65 |
| Guanosine monophosphate | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.18 | 5.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.15 | 5.05 |
aThe p value was calculated using Student’s t test or nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test
bFalse discovery rate by Benjamin–Hochberg method
cVariable importance in the projection (VIP) was obtained in the OPLS-DA model
dFold change was calculated as a binary logarithm between groups, where a positive value means that the average mass response of metabolites in the nonmetastasis/metastasis group is larger than that in the control group