Table 1.
Participant characteristics at baseline and usage of the interventions
| CO (n = 54) | EC (n = 56) | WL (n = 57) | All participants (n = 167) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 15 (27.8%) | 16 (28.6%) | 16 (28.1%) | 47 (28.1%) |
| Male | 39 (72.2%) | 40 (71.4%) | 41 (71.9%) | 120 (71.9%) |
| Age, mean (SD) | 33.7 (10.7) | 31.2 (9.1) | 35.5 (11.5) | 33.5 (10.6) |
| Educational level, n (%) | ||||
| Basic school (Hauptschule) | 8 (14.8%) | 10 (17.9%) | 8 (14.0%) | 26 (15.6%) |
| Middle school (Realschule) | 23 (42.6%) | 19 (33.9%) | 23 (40.4%) | 65 (38.9%) |
| High school (Gymnasium) | 20 (37.0%) | 25 (44.6%) | 24 (42.1%) | 69 (41.3%) |
| Other school | 3 (5.6%) | 2 (3.6%) | 2 (3.5%) | 7 (4.2%) |
| Employment status, n (%) | ||||
| Employed | 35 (64.8%) | 38 (67.9%) | 39 (68.4%) | 112 (67.1%) |
| In education | 6 (11.1%) | 8 (14.3%) | 6 (10.5%) | 20 (12.0%) |
| Unemployed | 3 (5.6%) | 4 (7.1%) | 3 (5.3%) | 10 (6.0%) |
| Other | 10 (18.5%) | 6 (10.7%) | 9 (15.8%) | 25 (15.0%) |
| Gambling behaviora | ||||
| Gambling prevalence, n (%) | 54 (100.0%) | 56 (100.0%) | 56 (98.2%) | 166 (99.4%) |
| Gambling days, mean (SD) | 14.8 (8.5) | 13.2 (7.0) | 14.9 (9.4) | 14.3 (8.4) |
| Problem gambling (PGSI score), mean (SD) | 16.4 (4.5) | 16.2 (5.1) | 16.2 (4.8) | 16.3 (4.8) |
| Problem gambling (PGSI > 7), n (%) | 53 (98.1%) | 54 (96.4%) | 57 (100.0%) | 164 (98.2%) |
| Highest stake (Euro), mean (SD) | 583.6 (405.1) | 457.6 (432.4) | 510.4 (409.9) | 516.4 (416.8) |
| Hours per day, mean (SD) | 3.8 (2.2) | 3.5 (2.6) | 4.0 (3.0) | 3.8 (2.6) |
| Gambling game,a n (%) | ||||
| Gaming machines | 43 (79.6%) | 36 (64.3%) | 33 (57.9%) | 112 (67.1%) |
| Online gambling | 31 (57.4%) | 43 (76.8%) | 34 (59.6%) | 108 (64.7%) |
| Lotteries | 10 (18.5%) | 15 (26.8%) | 10 (17.5%) | 35 (21.0%) |
| Betting (offline) | 5 (9.3%) | 2 (3.6%) | 12 (21.1%) | 19 (11.4%) |
| Other | 2 (3.7%) | 9 (16.1%) | 4 (7.0%) | 15 (9.0%) |
| Utilization of other support | 10 (18.5%) | 12 (21.4%) | 12 (21.1%) | 34 (20.4%) |
| Well-being, mean (SD) | ||||
| WHO-5 | 7.4 (4.7) | 8.5 (4.7) | 9.2 (4.6) | 8.4 (4.7) |
| Usage of the intervention, mean (SD) | ||||
| Days of participation | 24.8 (18.9) | 11.0 (13.4) | N/A | 17.8 (17.7) |
| Time spent per user (minutes) | 249.3 (103.5) | 96.4 (58.4) | N/A | 171.5 (113.2) |
aDuring the past 30 days