Table 2.
Descriptive statistics and effect sizes for the outcomes
| CO (n = 54)a | EC (n = 56)a | WL (n = 57)a | CO versus EC d [95%-CI]b | CO versus WL d [95%-CI]b | EC versus WL d [95%-CI]b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gambling daysc | ||||||
| Baseline | 14.8 (8.5) | 13.2 (7.0) | 14.9 (9.4) | |||
| 3 months | 2.4 (4.2) | 3.5 (5.4) | 7.9 (8.8) | 0.35 [− 0.03 to 0.73] | 0.59 [0.20 to 0.97] | 0.31 [− 0.07 to 0.68] |
| 6 months | 4.0 (6.8) | 4.8 (6.5) | 0.30 [− 0.08 to 0.68] | |||
| 12 months | 3.3 (5.0) | 3.0 (4.5) | 0.17 [− 0.21 to 0.55] | |||
| Problem gambling (PGSI) | ||||||
| Baseline | 16.4 (4.5) | 16.2 (5.1) | 16.2 (4.8) | |||
| 3 months | 7.7 (6.4) | 8.1 (7.0) | 11.8 (7.0) | 0.12 [− 0.25 to 0.50] | 0.91 [0.52 to 1.31] | 0.74 [0.36 to 1.13] |
| 6 months | 5.7 (6.8) | 8.2 (7.6) | 0.56 [0.17 to 0.94] | |||
| 12 months | 5.1 (6.2) | 7.4 (7.3) | 0.52 [0.14 to 0.90] | |||
| Highest stake (Euro)c | ||||||
| Baseline | 583.6 (405.1) | 457.6 (432.4) | 510.4 (409.9) | |||
| 3 months | 97.0 (187.9) | 128.7 (179.3) | 249.4 (262.3) | 0.37 [− 0.01 to 0.75] | 0.55 [0.17 to 0.93] | 0.16 [− 0.21 to 0.53] |
| 6 months | 139.7 (327.9) | 130.3 (214.1) | 0.28 [− 0.10 to 0.66] | |||
| 12 months | 125.0 (248.4) | 229.9 (433.8) | 0.55 [0.16 to 0.93] | |||
| Well-being (WHO-5) | ||||||
| Baseline | 7.4 (4.7) | 8.5 (4.7) | 9.2 (4.6) | |||
| 3 months | 13.9 (5.1) | 13.7 (5.0) | 12.4 (5.2) | 0.28 [− 0.10 to 0.66] | 0.70 [0.32 to 1.09] | 0.43 [0.05 to 0.80] |
| 6 months | 13.7 (5.5) | 13.9 (5.9) | 0.18 [− 0.20 to 0.56] | |||
| 12 months | 15.6 (4.9) | 13.4 (5.3) | 0.68 [0.29 to 1.07] | |||
| Working alliance (WAI-sr) | ||||||
| 3 months | 46.9 (8.8) | 40.4 (9.7) | 0.70 [0.31 to 1.09] | |||
| Treatment satis-faction (CSQ-8) | ||||||
| 3 months | 25.7 (4.6) | 23.5 (4.5) | 0.49 [0.10 to 0.87] | |||
aMean (SD)
bPositive effect sizes refer to outcomes beneficial to the first-mentioned study group
cDuring the past 30 days