Table 5.
Descriptive statistics and effect sizes for the outcomes
| CO (n = 54)a | EC (n = 56)a | WL (n = 57)a | CO versus EC d [95%-CI]b | CO versus WL d [95%-CI]b | EC versus WL d [95%-CI]b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gambling daysc | ||||||
| Baseline | 14.8 (8.5) | 13.2 (7.0) | 14.9 (9.4) | |||
| 3 months | 2.1 (4.2) | 3.7 (6.1) | 8.0 (8.9) | 0.42 [− 0.15 to 0.99] | 0.64 [0.11 to 1.18] | 0.31 [− 0.20 to 0.81] |
| 6 months | 3.9 (7.7) | 4.8 (6.4) | 0.32 [− 0.24 to 0.87] | |||
| 12 months | 3.3 (5.3) | 2.9 (4.2) | 0.16 [− 0.35 to 0.67] | |||
| Problem gambling (PGSI) | ||||||
| Baseline | 16.4 (4.5) | 16.2 (5.1) | 16.2 (4.8) | |||
| 3 months | 7.1 (6.4) | 8.0 (7.0) | 11.5 (7.0) | 0.23 [− 0.34 to 0.79] | 0.95 [0.41 to 1.50] | 0.68 [0.17 to 1.19] |
| 6 months | 5.2 (6.9) | 8.7 (7.5) | 0.76 [0.19 to 1.34] | |||
| 12 months | 5.1 (6.4) | 7.3 (7.0) | 0.48 [− 0.04 to 1.00] | |||
| Highest stake (Euro)c | ||||||
| Baseline | 583.6 (405.1) | 457.6 (432.4) | 510.4 (409.9) | |||
| 3 months | 93.3 (213.6) | 126.2 (171.8) | 251.0 (271.2) | 0.38 [− 0.19 to 0.95] | 0.56 [0.03 to 1.09] | 0.17 [− 0.33 to 0.67] |
| 6 months | 125.7 (397.6) | 131.4 (200.6) | 0.31 [− 0.24 to 0.87] | |||
| 12 months | 95.1 (197.5) | 233.4 (452.2) | 0.63 [0.10 to 1.15] | |||
| Well-being (WHO-5) | ||||||
| Baseline | 7.4 (4.7) | 8.5 (4.7) | 9.2 (4.6) | |||
| 3 months | 14.2 (5.2) | 14.1 (4.9) | 12.6 (5.3) | 0.24 [− 0.31 to 0.80] | 0.72 [0.20 to 1.24] | 0.47 [− 0.03 to 0.98] |
| 6 months | 13.5 (5.3) | 14.2 (6.0) | 0.07 [− 0.48 to 0.62] | |||
| 12 months | 15.6 (4.7) | 13.4 (5.0) | 0.67 [0.15 to 1.20] | |||
| Working alliance (WAI-sr) | ||||||
| 3 months | 46.4 (9.1) | 39.5 (11.1) | 0.66 [0.10 to 1.23] | |||
| Treatment satis-faction (CSQ-8) | ||||||
| 3 months | 25.6 (4.9) | 23.3 (5.0) | 0.46 [− 0.10 to 1.02] | |||
aMean (SD)
bPositive effect sizes refer to outcomes beneficial to the first-mentioned study group
cDuring the past 30 days