Table 1.

Summarized synaptic damages associated with Aβ toxicity and hyperphosphorylated Tau.

	Amyloid β	Hyperphosphorylated Tau
Synaptic structural and functional damages	◦ Synaptic plasticity impairment (165, 166). ◦ Synaptotoxic effect (167) with ultrastructural synaptic damage. ◦ Synaptic loss, destruction of axons, and dendrites (168). ◦ Synaptic transmission failure (169). ◦ Neuronal hyper excitability and eventual death (170).	➢ Mediates Aβ postsynaptic and dendrites toxicity/damage (160). ➢ Accumulates and harms dendritic compartments (171). ➢ Impairs glutamate receptors, synaptic trafficking, and postsynaptic physiology. Ultimate neuronal degeneration/death (172).

Here is a summary of the major damages brought about A-beta and p-Tau.