Table 2.
Key Specs of the Four Biofuel Candidates
| Property | Unit | Bio-Methanol | Bio-DME | Bio-LNG | Bio-Oil |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melting point | °C | −98 | −141.5 | NA | NA |
| Boiling point | °C | 65 | −24.8 | −162 | 100–280 |
| Relative density | Water = 1 | 0.79 | 0.61 | 1.8a | 1.1–1.3 |
| Cetane number | 5 | 60 | 0 | 5–25 | |
| Octane number | 113 | 35 | 130 | NA | |
| Higher heating value (HHV) | MJ/kg | 22.9 | 31.7 | 51 | 17–34 |
| Lower heating value (LHV) | MJ/kg | 20.1 | 28.9 | 46 | 13–18 |
| Flash point (closed cup) | °C | 9.7–11 | −41 | −188 | 40–110 |
| TRL | 6 - 8 | 5 | 7 | 6–8 |
E4tech, 2018; PubChem, 2020b; Olah and Prakash, 2011; Andersson and Salazar, 2015; PubChem, 2020a; Sivebaek and Jakobsen, 2007; Chemical Book, 2020; European Biofuels Technology Platform, 2011; Groupe International des Importateurs de Gaz, 2019; Ikealumba and Wu, 2014; Hagos and Ahlgren, 2017; University of Birmingham, 2011; Linde, 2011; Bridgwater, 2012; Ben et al., 2019; Lehto et al., 2013; Wang, 2013; Kim and Lee, 2015; Oasmaa and Peacocke, 2010; Moirangthem, 2016; Nattrass et al., 2014; Perkins et al., 2018; Castello et al., 2018.
a
Relative density based on air = 1 for LNG.