Table 2.

The hypothesized model: path and covariance coefficients for the study variables of the total sample (N = 729 dyads)

Variable	Hypothesized model with control variables			Hypothesized model without control variables
Path coefficients/covariance coefficients	Unstandardized estimate	SE	p value	Unstandardized Estimate	SE	p value
Associations between maternal perceptions of child body mass status (the independent variable; T1) and four maternal practices (the first set of mediators; T1)
Perceptions of child body mass (M, T1) → Restrictions of screen use (M, T1)	0.073	0.049	.138	0.067	0.050	.177
Perceptions of child body mass (M, T1) → Stimulation to be active (M, T1)	0.068	0.042	.105	0.065	0.042	.123
Perceptions of child body mass (M, T1) → Monitoring of screen use (M, T1)	0.036	0.061	.555	0.047	0.063	.457
Perceptions of child body mass (M, T1) → Monitoring of PA (M, T1)	− 0.016	0.044	.705	− 0.009	0.044	.846
Associations between four maternal practices (the first set of mediators; T1), child screen use, and physical activity (the second set of mediators; T2)
Perceptions of child body mass (M, T1) → Screen use (Ch, T2)	0.398	0.165	.016	0.280	0.184	.129
Perceptions of child body mass (M, T1) → Physical activity (Ch, T2)	− 0.049	1.714	.977	− 0.050	1.754	.977
Restrictions of screen use (M, T1) → Screen use (Ch, T2)	0.025	0.151	.870	0.142	0.167	.396
Restrictions of screen use (Ch, T1) → Physical activity (Ch, T2)	0.541	1.571	.731	0.632	1.596	.692
Stimulation to be active (M, T1) → Screen use (Ch, T2)	0.506	0.176	.004	0.670	0.196	< .001
Stimulation to be active (M, T1) → Physical activity (Ch, T2)	7.083	1.830	< .001	8.352	1.865	< .001
Monitoring of screen use (M, T1) → Screen use (Ch, T2)	− 0.168	0.123	.171	− 0.180	0.136	.186
Monitoring of screen use (M, T1) → Physical activity (Ch, T2)	− 3.202	1.276	.012	− 3.681	1.298	.005
Monitoring of PA (M, T1) → Screen use (Ch, T2)	0.075	0.165	.649	− 0.042	0.184	.821
Monitoring of PA (M, T1) → Physical activity (Ch, T2)	1.695	1.718	.324	1.741	1.753	.321
Associations between maternal perceptions of child body mass status, (the independent variable; T1), maternal practices, child behaviors (the mediators; T1 and T2), and child BMI z-score (the dependent variable; T2)
Perceptions of child body mass (M, T1) → BMI z-score (Ch, T2)	0.067	0.033	.042	0.073	0.028	.010
Restrictions of screen use (M, T1) → BMI z-score (Ch, T2)	− 0.034	0.026	.193	− 0.034	0.026	.192
Stimulation to be active (M, T1) → BMI z-score (Ch, T2)	− 0.018	0.031	.546	− 0.019	0.031	.546
Monitoring of screen use (M, T1) → BMI z-score (Ch, T2)	0.006	0.021	.777	0.010	0.021	.635
Monitoring of PA (M, T1) → BMI z-score (Ch, T2)	0.040	0.028	.156	0.045	0.028	.113
Screen use (Ch, T2) → BMI z-score (Ch, T2)	− 0.002	0.006	.705	− 0.004	0.006	.522
Physical activity (Ch, T2) → BMI z-score (Ch, T2)	− 0.002	0.001	.002	− 0.002	0.001	.002
BMI z-score (Ch, T1) → BMI z-score (Ch, T2)	0.920	0.015	< .001	0.918	0.013	< .001

M mother, Ch child, T1 time 1 (baseline), T2 time 2 (7- to 8-month follow-up), PA physical activity; perceptions of child body mass = maternal perceptions of child body mass status; restrictions of screen use = maternal restrictions of sedentary screen use behaviors; screen use = sedentary screen use behaviors; SES = perceived maternal economic status. Significant coefficients are marked in bold. The model without control variables included only one covariate, child BMI z-score at T1. The hypothesized model with control variables accounted for: T1 child screen use, T1 child physical activity, T1 child BMI-z score, age and gender of the child, maternal age, education, and perceived economic status at T1