Table 1.
Selection of polyploid crops that have been reported for their agronomic interest.
| Crop | Ploidy | Agronomic traits | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apple | 3x, 4x | Increased fruit size and dwarfism1,2 | Janick et al., 1996; Sedov, 2014; Ma et al., 2016 |
| 4x | Drought tolerance | De Baerdemaeker et al., 2018 | |
| Birch | 4x | Increased biomass and dwarfism | Mu et al., 2012 |
| Black locust | 4x | Salinity tolerance1 | Wang et al., 2013a; Meng et al., 2016; Luo et al., 2017 |
| Blackcurrant | 4x | Increased fruit size | Podwyszyńska and Pluta, 2019 |
| Citrus | 4x | Drought, salinity, and boron excess tolerance2,3; cold, nutrient deprivation and chromium toxicity tolerance | Allario et al., 2013; Podda et al., 2013; Ruiz et al., 2016a; Balal et al., 2017; Oustric et al., 2017, 2018, 2019a; Khalid et al., 2020 |
| 4x | Dwarfism1,2,3 | Hussain et al., 2012; Grosser et al., 2015; Ruiz et al., 2016a | |
| 3x | Increased fruit quality, size and seedlessness1,2 | Ollitrault and Navarro, 2012; Tan et al., 2019; Sdiri et al., 2020 | |
| Cherimoya | 3x | Increased fruit size | Martin et al., 2019 |
| Fig tree | 3x | Increased fruit size | Falistocco, 2016 |
| Forest mangrove | 3x, 4x | Increased biomass yield and quality | Harbard et al., 2012; Griffin et al., 2015 |
| Grape | 3x, 4x | Increased fruit size and seedlessness1,2 | Yamada and Sato, 2016 |
| Kiwi | 4x | Increased fruit size1 | Wu et al., 2012; Zhong et al., 2012 |
| Loquat | 3x, 4x | Increased fruit size | Jiang et al., 2016 |
| Mango | 4x | Increased fruit size; enhanced photoprotection | Galan-Sauco et al., 2001; García-García et al., 2020 |
| Mulberry | 3x, 4x | Increased fruit size and leaf biomass yield | Dai et al., 2015; Shafiei, 2018 |
| Olive | 4x | Increased fruit size | Rugini et al., 2016 |
| Pawlonia | 4x | Increased biomass yield and quality; salinity and drought tolerance | Tang et al., 2010; Zhao et al., 2017 |
| Persimmon | 6x | Increased fruit size1 | Yesiloglu et al., 2018 |
| Pomegranate | 4x | Increased fruit size | Shao et al., 2003 |
| Sweet cherry | 3x | Dwarfism1,2 | Prassinos et al., 2009 |
| Watermelon | 4x | Higher vigor and resistance to the RKN1,2,3 | Levi et al., 2014 |
| 3x, 4x | Increased fruit size and quality | Jaskani et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2019 | |
| Willow | 3x, 4x | Increased biomass yield and quality; dwarfism | Serapiglia et al., 2015; Dudits et al., 2016 |
1
Commercial success.
2
Tested grafted.
3
Tetraploid tested as a rootstock.