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Overview of the role of Se in regulating Hg bioavailability and accumulation. Se reduces Hg transport from the root to the shoot, and then to the grain through the formation of insoluble HgSe in soil, roots, and possibly leaves (black down arrow). Then Hg-PCs complexes are sequestered in vacuoles and phloem, which are restricted in their upward Hg migration (red down arrow). Se reduces Hg uptake by plants by elevating the activities of SOD, POD, CST, GSH-Px, and GPX (red up arrow).
