Table 5.
Univariate and multivariable analyses of parameters associated with pneumonia in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.
| Parameter | Univariate analysis |
Multivariable analysis |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pneumonia (n = 57) | No pneumonia (n = 497) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age >40 years | 41 (71.9%) | 147 (29.6%) | 6.10 (3.32–11.23) | <0.001 | 2.39 (1.01–5.64) | 0.047 |
| Asymptomatic illness | 4 (7.0%) | 62 (12.5%) | 0.53 (0.19–1.51) | 0.228 | ||
| Hypertension | 15 (26.3%) | 38 (7.6%) | 4.43 (2.20–8.94) | <0.001 | ||
| Hyperlipidaemia | 15 (26.3%) | 19 (3.8%) | 9.42 (4.35–20.40) | <0.001 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (12.3%) | 14 (2.8%) | 4.96 (1.88–13.08) | 0.003 | ||
| Asthma | 2 (3.5%) | 4 (0.8%) | 4.68 (0.83–26.37) | 0.113 | ||
| Prior medical comorbidities | 16 (40.0%) | 23 (6.3%) | 9.94 (4.65–21.27) | <0.001 | 3.92 (1.54–10.00) | 0.004 |
| Elevated transaminases | 14 (24.6%) | 88 (17.7%) | 1.51 (0.79–2.89) | 0.206 | ||
| Elevated CRP > 60 mg/L | 11 (19.3%) | 13 (2.6%) | 8.90 (3.78–21.00) | <0.001 | 1.27 (0.32–5.10) | 0.785 |
| Elevated LDH > 550 units/L | 20 (35.1%) | 29 (5.8%) | 8.72 (4.51–16.89) | <0.001 | 4.29 (1.71–10.75) | 0.002 |
| Elevated ferritin >300 ng/L | 13 (22.8%) | 36 (7.2%) | 3.78 (1.89–7.66) | <0.001 | 2.60 (0.85–7.94) | 0.095 |
| Absolute neutrophil count >4 × 109/L | 23 (40.4%) | 172 (34.6%) | 1.28 (0.73–2.24) | 0.390 | ||
| Absolute lymphocyte count <1 × 109/L | 22 (38.6%) | 66 (13.3%) | 4.11 (2.27–7.43) | <0.001 | 2.22 (0.89–5.49) | 0.141 |