Figure 2: Examples of Micro- and Multi-electrode Catheters.

Different catheter types and designs. Left to right and top to bottom: QDOT micro has smaller mini-electrodes (called micro-electrodes) more distal on the tip electrode than Intella MiFi. Bipolar signals recorded with micro-electrodes (BVμ) are larger and sharper and have less decay, facilitating near field local abnormal ventricular activity (LAVA) recognition, compared to conventional recording (BVc). It is unknown if there is a large difference in EGM morphology between both, as a direct comparison is missing. LiveWire (Abbott), Orion (Boston Scientific), PentaRay (Biosense Webster), OctaRay (Biosense Webster) and HD Grid (Abbott) are the most commonly used multi-electrode catheters. c-t-c = centre-to-centre; ME = mini- or micro-electrode. Middle upper panel source: Glashan et al. 2020.[³¹] Adapted with permission from Elsevier.