Table 1.

Summary of the literature

Authors	Publication Type	Material	Endpoint	Technology used	Results/Conclusions	Ref.
Suresh S, et al. Int J Hypertens. 2011	Survey	21,135 participants of the 2008 National Health Interview Survey	Self-reported physician-diagnosed hypertension	Cell-phone, landline phone	Cell-phone use was inversely associated with hypertension	[12]
Kumar N, et al. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2015	Cross-sectional Study	107 apps	Content analysis	Smartphone-based medical applications (apps)	A large and growing number of m-health technologies are currently available for patients with AH. Most applications currently focus on monitoring BP, heart rate, and lifestyle changes, with smaller numbers focused on medication adherence	[13]
Kiselev AR, et al. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2012	Open-label study	199 hypertensive patients	Blood pressure level goal achievement	SMS, mobile phone technology	77% of patients from the active care management group had achieved the goal blood pressure level. That percentage was more than 5 times higher than that in the traditional ambulatory care management group	[16]
Piette JD, et al. Telemed J E Health. 2012	Randomized Trial	200 hypertensive patients in two low/middle-income countries	Improving systolic BP	Automated self-management calls plus home blood pressure monitoring	Automated telephone care management plus home BP monitors can improve outcomes for hypertensive patients in low/middle-income countries	[17]
Tobe S, et al. J Clin Hypertens. 2019	Randomized Controlled	243 hypertensive patients	Efficacy of active (with hypertension specific management) versus passive (health behaviors) SMS on blood pressure reduction	SMS, mobile phone technology	There was no difference in the blood pressure change between groups from baseline to final for systolic or diastolic blood pressure	[19]
Varleta P, et al. J Clin Hypertens. 2017	Randomized Controlled	314 hypertensive patients	Efficacy of SMS in antihypertensive medication adherence	SMS, mobile phone technology	Text messaging intervention improved adherence to antihypertensive medication	[21]
Liew SM, et al. Br J Gen Pract. 2009	Randomized Controlled Trial	931 patients on long-term follow-up	Non-attendance rates	SMS text messaging reminder, telephone reminder	Text messaging was found to be as effective as telephone reminder in reducing non-attendance in patients who required long-term follow-up for their chronic illnesses	[22]
Patel S, et al. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2013	Open-Label Trial	50 high-risk patients with hypertension	Medication adherence	Mobile phone medication reminder software	A mobile-phone-based automated medication reminder system shows promise in improving medication adherence and blood pressure	[23]
Senecal C, et al. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2018	Retrospective Observational Study	3,330 hypertensive participants	Changes in blood pressure, weight, and body mass index (BMI)	Desktop and mobile digital health intervention (DHI) as an adjunct to a workplace health program	DHI as an adjunct to a workplace health program is associated with greater improvement in blood pressure and BMI at 1 year	[24]
McManus RJ, et al. Lancet. 2010	Randomized Controlled Trial	527 participants with blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg	Change in mean systolic blood pressure between baseline and follow-up	Self-monitoring of blood pressure and self-titration of antihypertensive drugscombined with telemonitoring of home blood pressure measurements	Systolic blood pressure decreased more in the self-management group in comparison to the control group	[27]
Milani RV, et al. Am J Med. 2017	Open-Label Trial	156 patients with uncontrolled hypertension	Blood pressure control	Home-based digital-medicine blood pressure program	At 90 days, 71% of digital-medicine vs 31% of usual-care patients had achieved target blood pressure control	[29]
AbuDagga A, et al. Telemed J E Health. 2010	Review	15 Articles	Blood pressure control	Blood pressure (BP) telemonitoring	BP telemonitoring resulted in reduction of BP in all but two studies	[30]
McManus RJ, et al. The Lancet. 2018	Randomized Controlled	1182 participants with arterial hypertension	Efficacy of blood pressure telemonitoring in antihypertensive titration in primary care	Blood pressure telemonitoring	Self-monitoring, with or without telemonitoring, when used by general practitioners to titrate antihypertensive medication, leads to significantly lower blood pressure than titration guided by clinic readings	[32]
Duan Y, et al. J Hum Hypertens. 2017	Meta-analysis of Randomized Control Trials (RCTs)	49 RCTs with a total of 13,875 participants	Blood pressure control	Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring (HBPT)	Compared with usual care, HBPT improved office SBP and DBP by 3.99 mmHg and 1.99 mmHg respectively. A larger proportion of patients achieved BP normalization in the intervention group (relative risk: 1.16)	[34]
Stephani V, et al. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:572	Review of Randomized Control Trials (RCTs)	8 RCTs with a total of 4,375 participants	Outcome measures of non-communicable diseases (diabetes, asthma, hypertension)	mHealth interventions	Positive results, however a firm conclusion s is not yet possible because of the limited number of studies, the heterogeneity of evaluated mHealth interventions and the wide variety of reported outcome measures	[40]
Prabhakaran D, et al. Circulation. 2018	Open-label, cluster-randomized controlled trial	3,324 patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus	Systolic blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin	mWellcare: a mHealth system for the integrated management of 5 chronic conditions	There was no evidence of difference between the mWellcare arm versus the enhanced usual care arm for systolic blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin even after adjustment for several key variables	[41]
Liu S, et al. Can J Cardiol. 2013	Meta-analysis	13 Trials	Efficacy of e-counselling in reducing blood pressure	Internet-based iynterventions (e-counselling)	Preliminary evidence of blood pressure reduction with Internet-based interventions	[45]