Table 1.

Cardiovascular society guideline for COVID-19

Cardiovascular Society	Key Recommendations
The American College of Cardiology	● CV-specific plans should be developed in collaboration with hospital-wide infectious disease response plans and in close collaboration with other medical specialties
	● Cardiovascular care team members with limited experience and/or training in personal protective equipment (PPE) donning, usage, and doffing should be trained immediately
	● Clinical leadership may need to assess the risk-benefit ratio of acute MI intervention against nosocomial infection risk
The American Heart Association	● Emphasis on the need to modernize our public health efforts and engage audiences on these social media platforms
The European Society of Cardiology	● It needs to be clear that “don’t come to hospital” does not apply to STEMI or other acute syndromes
	● Emphasis on training the staff in donning and doffing
	● Staff wellbeing
	● Minimize aerosolization, intubation if needed prior cath lab
	● Plan for discharge medication telephone follow-up in post-PCI patients
	● Continuation of NSAIDs and ACEI/ARBs for patients who are currently taking them until rigorous evidence emerges to the contrary
	● Do not take chloroquine for prophylaxis
The Chinese Society of Cardiology	● All patients with severe emergent cardiovascular diseases complicated by fever should be first evaluated in the fever clinic of the local hospital, and transferred to the COVID-19-designated hospital for further treatment
	● It is recommended that all patients should undergo lung CT examination to evaluate for imaging features typical of COVID-19
	● An optimized medical therapy strategy should be prioritized for patients with severe emergent cardiovascular diseases who cannot be ruled out for COVID-19
	● The decision to pursue an invasive strategy for STEMI or life-threatening NSTEMI, all the following conditions should be met, 1) assuming failure of optimized, goal-directed, medical therapy; 2) taking place in a hospital designated for COVID-19; 3) cath lab with negative-pressure ventilation followed by strict peri-procedural precautions; 4) third-grade protection is adopted; 5) approval by the local health commission
The ACC’s Interventional Council and SCAI	● Patients with COVID-19 or suspected COVID-19 requiring intubation should be intubated prior to arrival to the catheterization laboratory
	● For known COVID-19 positive patients, restriction of cases to a dedicated laboratory may be of value
	● COVID-19 and hemodynamically stable NSTEMI or type 2 MI conservative therapy should be considered
The Heart Failure Society of America	● Continuation of ACEI/ARBs for patients who are currently taking them for indications (e.g., heart failure, hypertension, or ischemic heart disease)
The ESC Council on Hypertension	● There is no clinical or scientific evidence to suggest that treatment with ACEi or ARBs should be discontinued because of the COVID-19 infection
	● There is evidence from studies in animals suggesting that ACEI/ARBs might be rather protective against serious lung complications in patients with COVID-19 infection, but to date there is no data in humans
The Canadian Cardiovascular Society	● Continuation of ACEi, ARB, and ARNI therapy is strongly recommended in COVID-19 patients