Figure 3.

Echocardiographic signs of PH. A. Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) jet obtained with colour-Doppler across tricuspid valve, from parasternal right ventricular (RV) inflow view. B. Peak TR Velocity, measured by Continuous Wave Doppler across tricuspid valve in apical four chamber view (A4C) or parasternal short axis (PSAX) view for RV inflow, peak TR velocity >2,8 m/sec is considered abnormal. C. The ratio between the basal diameter of right and left ventricle (RV/LV ratio) is measured at end-diastole from the standard A4C view without foreshortening; the ratio RV/LV >1 suggests RV dilatation. D. Eccentricity Index is measured from PSAX axis view at mid LV level; the ratio D2/D1 ≥ 1.1 is considered abnormal. E. Pulmonary artery diameter is measured in PSAX in end diastole; a diameter of >25 mm is considered abnormal. F. RV outflow tract acceleration time is measured in PSAX, with sample volume of pulsed wave Doppler positioned in the RV outflow tract; acceleration time of < 100 ms is considered a marker of PH. G. Right atrial area is measured in A4C view at end ventricular systole just prior to tricuspid valve opening; a right atrial area >18 cm² is considered abnormal. H. Early diastolic pulmonary regurgitation (PR) jet velocity is measured in PSAX or parasternal RV outflow view; an early PR velocity >2.2 m/s is considered a marker of PH.