Table 1. Patient Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Study Arma.
| Characteristicb | No. (%) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usual care arm (n = 244) | Intervention arm (n = 235) | Combined (n = 479) | ||
| Demographic | ||||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 62.0 (54.8-70.1) | 63.9 (54.5-70.1) | 63.0 (54.7-70.2) | .69 |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 150 (61) | 155 (66) | 305 (64) | .31 |
| Women | 94 (39) | 80 (34) | 174 (36) | |
| Vulnerable characteristics | ||||
| Race | ||||
| White non-Hispanic | 82 (34) | 74 (31) | 156 (33) | |
| African American | 149 (61) | 153 (65) | 302 (63) | |
| White Hispanic | 5 (2) | 6 (3) | 11 (2) | |
| Other | 8 (3) | 2 (1) | 10 (2) | |
| Health literacy (BHLS), median (IQR) (n = 470) | 13 (11-15) | 12 (10-15) | 13 (10-15) | .18 |
| ADI national rank, median (IQR) (n = 463) | 83 (58-95) | 83 (58-96) | 83 (58-96) | .80 |
| Vulnerable population | 185 (76) | 183 (78) | 368 (77) | .59 |
| Medical history | ||||
| COPD | 78 (32) | 83 (35) | 161 (34) | .49 |
| Myocardial infarction | 73 (30) | 69 (29) | 142 (30) | .88 |
| Chronic kidney disease (n = 478) | 62 (26) | 66 (28) | 128 (27) | .20 |
| Hypertension | 227 (93) | 221 (94) | 448 (94) | .65 |
| Prior EF (n = 447) | ||||
| Normal | 104 (45) | 74 (34) | 178 (40) | .01 |
| Moderate/severe | 125 (55) | 144 (66) | 269 (60) | |
| ED testing | ||||
| BUN, median (IQR) (n = 472), mg/dL | 18 (14-27) | 19 (14-26.25) | 19 (14-27) | .68 |
| BNP, median (IQR) (n = 208), pg/mL | 481 (152.5-1132) | 622 (251-1317) | 536 (181.2-1234) | .24 |
| NT proBNP, median (IQR) (n = 242), pg/mL | 1388 (336-3189) | 859 (367-3500) | 1085 (340-3270) | .46 |
| BNP or NTproBNP ordered | 233 (95) | 218 (93) | 451 (94) | .20 |
| Tn-I, median (IQR) (n = 394), ng/mL | 0.025 (0.012-0.04) | 0.025 (0.012-0.04) | 0.025 (0.012-0.04) | .92 |
| Tn-T, median (IQR) (n = 27), ng/mL | 0.03 (0.01-0.08) | 0.01 (0.01-0.035) | 0.027 (0.01-0.06) | .23 |
| Tn level ordered | 216 (89) | 210 (89) | 426 (89) | .77 |
| Systolic blood pressure, median (IQR) (n = 478) | 142 (126-165) | 142 (126-163) | 142 (126-164) | .85 |
| eGFR, median (IQR) (n = 471) | 61 (48-86) | 63 (50-80) | 62 (49-83) | .65 |
| Guideline-directed medical therapy (LVEF<40%) | ||||
| Diuretic at ED discharge (n = 269)c | 113 (90) | 133 (92) | 246 (91) | .57 |
| ACEI/ARB at ED discharge (n = 265) | 85 (69) | 91 (65) | 176 (66) | .39 |
| β-Blocker at ED discharge (n = 269) | 100 (80) | 123 (85) | 223 (83) | .24 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ADI, area deprivation index; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BHLS, brief health literacy score; BNP, brain-type natriuretic protein; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ED, emergency department; EF, ejection fraction; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NTproBNP, N-terminal-pro hormone BNP; Tn, troponin.
SI conversion factors: To convert BUN to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.357; BNP to nanograms per liter, multiply by 1; Tn-I or Tn-T to micrograms per liter, multiply by 1.
Values are number (%) for categorical variables, median (IQR) for continuous variables. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for continuous variables. Pearson χ2 test was used for categorical variables.
Parenthetical values indicate data for analysis when the full sample was not available.
Torsemide, furosemide, or bumetanide.