Table 3.
Comparison of the disease progression group and stable group
| Characteristics | Progression group N = 7 | Stable group N = 50 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 61 (59–71) | 48 (31–69.3) | .1224 |
| Sex, male (%) | 5 (71.4) | 27 (54.0) | .4498 |
| Body mass index, median (IQR) | 24.9 (21.1–25.6) | 24.6 (21.0–22.9) | .6794 |
| Smoking (none/past/current) | 2/3/2 | 31/14/5 | .1860 |
| Days from onset of symptoms to disease progression, median (IQR) | 9 (7–9) | NA | |
| Days from admission to disease progression, median (IQR) | 1 (0–3) | NA | |
| Severity of COVID‐19 mild to moderate/severe | 0/7 | 37/13 | .0003 |
| Mortality | 2 (28.6) | 0 (0) | .0132 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Any comorbidity, n (%) | 6 (85.7) | 29 (58) | .2303 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 3 (42.9) | 13 (26.0) | .3878 |
| Cardiovascular diseases, n (%) | 0 (0) | 5 (10.2) | 1.000 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 0 (0) | 4 (8.0) | 1.000 |
| Asthma, n (%) | 0 (0) | 8 (16.3) | .5767 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 2 (28.6) | 11 (22) | .6592 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 4 (57.1) | 16 (32.0) | .2261 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 1 (14.3) | 4 (8) | .4940 |
| Hemodialysis, n (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (6.0) | 1.000 |
| Solid tumor, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.0) | 1.000 |
| Pregnancy, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.0) | 1.000 |
| Medication | |||
| ARB, n (%) | 1 (14.3) | 7 (14.0) | 1.000 |
| Calcium blocker, n (%) | 3 (42.9) | 6 (12) | .0706 |
| Statin, n (%) | 4 (57.1) | 8 (16) | .0297 |
| Initial assessment | |||
| Days from the onset of symptoms to admission, median (IQR) | 8 (5–9) | 8 (5, 13.3) | .6087 |
| WBC, median (IQR) count/μl | 4600 (3800–7000) | 5950 (4675–7500) | .3187 |
| Lymphocyte, median (IQR) (count/μl) | 617 (374–864) | 1231 (840–1553) | .0033 |
| Neutrophil, median (IQR) (count/μl) | 3795 (2690–5859) | 4049 (3001–5508) | .8458 |
| Hemoglobin, median (IQR) (g/dl) | 14.2 (12.4–14.5) | 14.3 (12.0–15.2) | .8553 |
| Platelet count, median (IQR) (109/L) | 18.7 (14.1–23.2) | 21.1 (16.4–29.3) | .1851 |
| LDH, median (IQR) (IU/L) | 450 (309–562) | 263 (205–323) | .0075 |
| CRP, median (IQR) (mg/dl) | 5.69 (3.73–10.9) | 2.11 (0.2–6.51) | .0261 |
| AST, median (IQR) (IU/L) | 51 (31–85) | 39 (21–55) | .0663 |
| ALT, median (IQR) (IU/L) | 41 (29–63) | 35 (18–58) | .6180 |
| Total bilirubin, median (IQR) (mg/dl) | 0.51 (0.4–1.29) | 0.61 (0.49–0.72) | .6267 |
| HbA1c, median (IQR) (%) | 8.2 (7.9–9.5) | 7.5 (6.8–8.4) | .0843 |
| Cr, median (IQR) (mg/dl) | 0.99 (0.84–1.3) | 0.8 (0.66–1.1) | .0842 |
| BUN, median (IQR) (mg/dl) | 17 (14–25) | 13 (10–17) | .0396 |
| eGFR, median (IQR) | 56.8 (46.8–65.6) | 76.8 (63.5–91.7) | .0093 |
Abbreviations: ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease‐2019; Cr, creatinine; CRP, C‐reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.