Table 2.
Logistic Regression Models of Nursing Homes with PPE Shortage and Staffing Shortage, June 15 through July 19, 2020 (n = 13,445)
| Variable | Short PPE at Least 1 wk | Short staff at least 1 wk | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio | P value | Odds Ratio | P value | |
| State in which facility is located | ||||
| In Northeast PPE Consortium | ||||
| No | [1.00] | |||
| Yes | 0.82 | .021 | ||
| Has LTC teams with a focus beyond testing | ||||
| No | [1.00] | [1.00] | ||
| Yes | 0.82 | .035 | 0.72 | .170 |
| Expanded Medicaid payments to LTC | ||||
| No | [1.00] | [1.00] | ||
| Yes | 1.20 | .108 | 1.01 | .939 |
| Adjusted LTC licensing or training requirements | ||||
| No | [1.00] | |||
| Yes | 0.89 | .473 | ||
| Increased payments or incentives for LTC staff | ||||
| No | [1.00] | |||
| Yes | 0.89 | .623 | ||
| Offers LTC job match assistance | ||||
| No | [1.00] | |||
| Yes | 0.70 | .064 | ||
| County in which facility is located | ||||
| Change in COVID‐19 cases per 100,000 population between May 24, 2020, and June 14, 2020 | 1.00 | .184 | 1.00 | .435 |
| Population >75% urban | ||||
| No | [1.00] | [1.00] | ||
| Yes | 0.95 | .493 | 0.70 | <.000 |
| Nursing home characteristics | ||||
| Nursing home size | ||||
| Small (<50 beds) | [1.00] | [1.00] | ||
| Medium (≥50 and ≤150 beds) | 0.94 | .495 | 0.99 | .960 |
| Large (>150 beds) | 0.97 | .792 | 1.02 | .834 |
| Ownership | ||||
| Nonprofit | [1.00] | [1.00] | ||
| Government | 0.86 | .306 | 1.22 | .149 |
| For profit | 1.46 | <.001 | 1.05 | .619 |
| Chain status | ||||
| Not part of a chain | [1.00] | [1.00] | ||
| Part of a chain | 1.03 | .600 | 0.90 | .058 |
| In‐hospital status | ||||
| Free standing | [1.00] | [1.00] | ||
| Part of a hospital | 0.67 | .015 | 0.80 | .109 |
| Share of revenue from Medicaid (quartiles) | ||||
| 1 (Lowest) | [1.00] | [1.00] | ||
| 2 | 1.03 | .673 | 1.08 | .259 |
| 3 | 0.98 | .853 | 1.09 | .385 |
| 4 (Highest) | 0.96 | .653 | 1.28 | .001 |
| Black residents >25% of all residents | ||||
| No | [1.00] | [1.00] | ||
| Yes | 0.89 | .068 | 1.36 | .003 |
| CMS overall five‐star rating | ||||
| Missing rating | 0.79 | .239 | 1.16 | .447 |
| 1 (Lowest) | 0.95 | .676 | 1.57 | <.001 |
| 2 | 1.02 | .837 | 1.32 | <.001 |
| 3 | 0.99 | .900 | 1.20 | <.001 |
| 4 | 1.06 | .394 | 1.10 | .104 |
| 5 (Highest) | [1.00] | [1.00] | ||
| Change in COVID‐19 cases per bed between May 24, 2020, and June 14, 2020 | 0.68 | .318 | 4.45 | <.001 |
| Information from LTCFocus.org missing | ||||
| No | [1.00] | [1.00] | ||
| Yes | 1.12 | .493 | 0.99 | .978 |
Note: The logistic regression models were estimated using robust standard errors clustered at the state level. Information from LTCfocus.org (chain status, in‐hospital status, Medicaid revenue quartile, and Black resident share) was missing for 754 facilities. Facilities missing LTCfocus information were assigned a value of zero for these variables, and the models included an indicator variable for missing LTCfocus information.
Abbreviations: CMS, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; LTC, long‐term care; PPE, personal protective equipment.