Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Assessment scales and cutoff value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Country | Study design | Response rate (%) | Sample size (n) | Male (%) | Age (mean ± SD) | Depression | Anxiety | Sleep disturbances |
| Cao et al. 85 | China | CS | – | 148 | 47 | 50.2 ± 15.6 | SDS ≥ 50 | SAS ≥ 50 | Custom questionnaire |
| Cheng et al. 86 | China | CS | 100 | 76 | 41 | 35.9 ± 10.6 | – | SAS ≥ 50 | – |
| Cheng et al. 70 | China | CS | 98.3 | 59 | 41 | – | Custom questionnaire | Custom questionnaire | – |
| Guo et al. 108 | China | CS | 100 | 103 | 57 | 42.5 ± 12.5 | PHQ‐9 ≥ 5 | GAD‐7 ≥ 5 | – |
| He et al. 88 | China | CS | 100 | 214 | 46 | – a | PHQ‐9 ≥ 5 | – | PSQI 16–21 |
| Hu et al. 98 | China | CS | 100 | 85 | 51 | 48.8 ± 14.3 | PHQ‐9 ≥ 5 | GAD‐7 ≥ 5 | ISI ≥ 8 |
| Huang et al. 71 | China | CS | 92.4 | 86 | 52 | – b | Custom questionnaire | – | Custom questionnaire |
| Karadaş et al. 74 | Turkey | CS | 100 | 239 | 56 | 46.5 ± 15.4 | – | – | Interview |
| Kong et al. 93 | China | CS | – | 144 | 49 | 49.9 ± 13.7 | HADS‐D ≥ 8 | HADS‐A ≥ 8 | – |
| Kuang et al. 89 | China | SAC | 100 | 68 | 47 | 35.2 ± 9.7 | SDS ≥ 50 | SAS ≥ 50 | – |
| Li et al. 90 | China | CS | 100 | 118 | 55 | 39.8 ± 12.4 | – | SAS ≥ 50 | – |
| Li et al. 103 | China | CS | 100 | 46 | 61 | – c | – | HADS‐A ≥ 8 | – |
| Liguori et al. 75 | Italy | CS | 100 | 103 | 57 | 55.0 ± 14.6 | Interview | Interview | Interview |
| Liu et al. 107 | China | CS | 100 | 15 | 53 | 47.0 ± 8.4 | PHQ‐9 ≥ 5 | GAD‐7 ≥ 5 | ISI ≥ 8 |
| Liu and Yu 72 | China | CS | 89.8 | 97 | – | 57.6 ± 9.2 | – | Custom questionnaire | – |
| Ma et al. 100 | China | CS | 98.2 | 770 | 48 | 50.4 ± 13.1 | PHQ‐9 ≥ 5 | – | – |
| Mi and Yu 91 | China | SAC | 100 | 20 | 50 | 39.0 ± 13.2 | – | SAS ≥ 50 | – |
| Nie et al. 94 | China | CS | 91.8 | 78 | 42 | – d | SDS ≥ 50 | SAS ≥ 50 | – |
| Paz et al. 95 | Ecuador | CS | – | 306 | 49 | 38.3 ± 10.9 | PHQ‐9 ≥ 5 | GAD‐7 ≥ 5 | – |
| Qi et al. 43 | China | CS | 52.4 | 41 | 42 | 40.1 ± 10.1 | SDS ≥ 53 | SAS ≥ 50 | – |
| Qin et al. 105 | China | CS | – | 112 | 53 | – e | SCL‐90 ≥ 2 | SCL‐90 ≥ 2 | – |
| Wang et al. 92 | China | CS | – | 376 | 25 | 36.1 ± 9.7 | SDS ≥ 50 | SAS ≥ 50 | PSQI 16–21 |
| Wang et al. 97 | China | CS | 99.0 | 484 | 50 | 52.5 ± 14.3 | – | – | ISI ≥ 8 |
| Wang et al. 104 | China | CS | 99.2 | 652 | 53 | 51.5 ± 13.9 | SCL‐90 ≥ 2 | SCL‐90 ≥ 2 | – |
| Xue et al. 73 | China | CS | 95.3 | 41 | 46 | – f | Custom questionnaire | Custom questionnaire | – |
| Zarghami et al. 106 | Iran | CS | 74.5 | 82 | 39 | – g | PHQ‐9 ≥ 5 | GAD‐7 ≥ 5 | – |
| Zhang et al. 44 | China | CS | – | 86 | 45 | 72.6 ± 12.1 | SDS ≥ 53 | SAS ≥ 50 | – |
| Zhang et al. 101 | China | CS | 98.9 | 296 | 58 | – | HADS‐D ≥ 8 | HADS‐A ≥ 8 | – |
| Zhang et al. 96 | China | CS | – | 57 | 51 | 46.9 ± 15.4 | PHQ‐9 ≥ 5 | GAD‐7 ≥ 5 | – |
| Zhao et al. 99 | China | CS | 100 | 106 | 43 | 35.9 ± 11.9 | PHQ‐9 ≥ 5 | GAD‐7 ≥ 5 | – |
| Zhu et al. 102 | China | SAC | 100 | 45 | 62 | 59.8 ± 15.4 | – | – | PSQI 16–21 |
The author indicated that all included patients were over 18 years old.
The author indicated that the age range of the included patients was 17–78.
The author indicated that the mean age was 60.9; however, no standard deviation was reported.
The author indicated that the mean age was 58.4; however, no standard deviation was reported.
The author reported that the median age was 40, with a range of 19–80.
The author reported a range of 18–82.
The author reported that the mean age of inpatients was 40.34 ± 14.39, and the mean age of outpatients was 43.62 ± 15.81.
CS, cross‐sectional; GAD‐7, General Anxiety Disorder 7‐Item Scale; HADS‐D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Depression Subscale); HADS‐A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Anxiety Subscale); ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; SD, standard deviation; SCL‐90, Symptom Checklist‐90; SDS, Self‐Rating Depression Scale; SAS, Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale; PHQ‐9, Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Module‐9; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SAC, single‐arm cohort.
Note: Cells containing “–“ indicate that the study author did not provide any relevant information for that column.