Table 3.
Differences in post-intervention changes between interventions.
Variable | Between-intervention differences # (95% simultaneous CI) † | Main effect | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flossing vs DS | ES | Flossing vs Control | ES | DS vs Control | ES | F-value | P-value | |
SLR test (°) | 3.2 (-0.8 to 7.2) | 0.21 | 5.4 (1.4 to 9.4)* | 0.18 | 2.3 (-1.7 to 6.3) | 0.02 | 5.77 | 0.01 |
Passive KE test (°) | 3.8 (0.3 to 7.2)* | 0.54 | 6.2 (2.8 to 9.7)* | 0.61 | 2.5 (-1.0 to 5.9) | 0.11 | 10.40 | < 0.01 |
Passive torque (Nm) | ||||||||
at -90 ° | -0.4 (-1.0 to 0.3) | 0.03 | -0.2 (-0.9 to 0.4) | 0.03 | 0.2 (-0.5 to 0.8) | 0.00 | 0.97 | 0.39 |
at -80 ° | -0.1 (-1.0 to 0.7) | 0.42 | -0.1 (-0.9 to 0.7) | 0.29 | 0.0 (-0.8 to 0.8) | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.93 |
at -70 ° | -0.2 (-1.1 to 0.7) | 0.31 | -0.2 (-1.1 to 0.6) | 0.20 | 0.0 (-0.9 to 0.8) | 0.16 | 0.30 | 0.75 |
at -60 ° | -0.5 (-1.5 to 0.5) | 0.21 | -0.4 (-1.4 to 0.6) | 0.19 | 0.1 (-0.9 to 1.0) | 0.07 | 0.82 | 0.45 |
at -50 ° | -0.8 (-2.1 to 0.4) | 0.10 | -0.6 (-1.9 to 0.6) | 0.18 | 0.2 (-1.0 to 1.4) | 0.03 | 1.48 | 0.24 |
at -40 ° | -1.0 (-2.4 to 0.5) | 0.10 | -0.8 (-2.2 to 0.7) | 0.19 | 0.2 (-1.2 to 1.6) | 0.05 | 1.42 | 0.25 |
at -30 ° | -1.2 (-2.9 to 0.6) | 0.09 | -0.9 (-2.7 to 0.8) | 0.15 | 0.2 (-1.5 to 1.9) | 0.07 | 1.50 | 0.23 |
at -20 ° | -1.2 (-3.5 to 1.2) | 0.22 | -0.9 (-3.2 to 1.4) | 0.25 | 0.3 (-2.0 to 2.5) | 0.01 | 0.83 | 0.44 |
at -10 ° | -0.8 (-3.9 to 2.3) | 0.37 | -0.8 (-3.9 to 2.3) | 0.33 | 0.0 (-3.0 to 2.9) | 0.07 | 0.27 | 0.76 |
at end-ROM ° | 3.1 (-0.4 to 6.6) | 0.84 | 3.8 (0.3 to 7.2)* | 0.73 | 0.6 (-2.8 to 4.1) | 0.02 | 4.05 | 0.02 |
Passive stiffness (Nm/°) | 0.0 (-0.6 to 0.1) | 0.48 | 0.0 (-0.1 to 0.1) | 0.36 | 0.0 (-0.0 to 0.1) | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.96 |
Fascicle length (mm) | -5.1(-11.4 to 21.6) | 0.31 | -4.4 (-12.7 to 21.5) | 0.33 | 0.7(-17.5 to 16.0) | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.72 |
Maximal isometric knee flexion (%BW) | 1.2 (-8.7 to 11.1) | 0.09 | 7.0 (-2.9 to 16.9) | 0.34 | 5.8(-4.1 to 15.7) | 0.49 | 1.77 | 0.18 |
RFD (Nm/kg/s) | ||||||||
0-50 msec | 0.1 (-0.5 to 0.8) | 0.17 | 0.3 (-0.4 to 0.9) | 0.26 | 0.1 (-0.6 to 0.8) | 0.10 | 0.44 | 0.65 |
0-100 msec | 0.1 (-0.4 to 0.6) | 0.18 | 0.2 (-0.3 to 0.8) | 0.36 | 0.1 (-0.4 to 0.6) | 0.20 | 0.72 | 0.49 |
0-150 msec | 0.0 (-0.4 to 0.5) | 0.13 | 0.2 (-0.2 to 0.7) | 0.43 | 0.2 (-0.3 to 0.7) | 0.33 | 0.96 | 0.39 |
0-200 msec | 0.1 (-0.3 to 0.5) | 0.16 | 0.2 (-0.1 to 0.6) | 0.47 | 0.2 (-0.2 to 0.6) | 0.34 | 1.29 | 0.29 |
Maximal eccentric knee extension (%BW) | 29.9 (4.0 to 55.8)* | 0.59 | 21.6 (-4.3 to 47.4) | 0.43 | -8.4 (-34.2 to 17.5) | 0.22 | 4.38 | 0.02 |
Maximal eccentric knee flexion (%BW) | 9.4 (-4.4 to 23.1) | 0.26 | 14.9 (1.2 to 28.6)* | 0.56 | 5.5 (-8.2 to 19.3) | 0.34 | 3.71 | 0.03 |
Muscle activity (mv) | ||||||||
BFlh in isometric contraction | 0.0 (-0.0 to 0.1) | 0.11 | 0.0 (-0.0 to 0.1) | 0.03 | 0.0 (-0.0 to 0.1) | 0.17 | 1.05 | 0.36 |
ST in isometric contraction | -0.0 (-0.1 to 0.1) | 0.16 | 0.0 (-0.1 to 0.1) | 0.44 | 0.0 (-0.1 to 0.1) | 0.27 | 0.14 | 0.87 |
BFlh in eccentric contraction | -0.0 (-0.1 to 0.0) | 0.09 | -0.0 (-0.1 to 0.0) | 0.19 | 0.0 (-0.0 to 0.1) | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.86 |
ST in eccentric contraction | -0.0 (-0.1 to 0.1) | 0.09 | 0.0 (-0.1 to 0.1) | 0.24 | 0.0 (-0.1 to 0.1) | 0.09 | 0.70 | 0.50 |
* P < 0.05. CI: confidence interval; DS: dynamic stretching; ES: effect size using the Cohen’s d; SLR: straight leg raise; KE: knee extension; ROM: range of motion; BW: body weight; RFD: rate of force development; BFlh: long head of biceps femoris; ST: semitendinosus.
# Mean differences in post-intervention changes between-intervention;
† Pre-intervention values were included as covariates. Mean differences in post-intervention changes between-intervention.