Table 1.
Demographics and baseline characteristics of COVID‐19 patients with sufficient and insufficient glycemic control
| Characteristics | Total (n = 77) | HbA1c <6.5 (n = 49) | HbA1c ≥6.5 (n = 28) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63.6 ± 3.6 | 62.2 ± 3.1 | 66.2 ± 2.5 | 0.230 |
| Sex | 0.213 | |||
| Male | 48 (62%) | 28 (57%) | 20 (71%) | |
| Female | 29 (38%) | 21 (43%) | 8 (29%) | |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Hypertension | 32 (42%) | 19 (39%) | 30 (61%) | 0.512 |
| Diabetes | 33 (43%) | 5 (10%) | 28 (100%) | 0.000* |
| Cardiovascular disease | 15 (20%) | 11 (22%) | 4 (14%) | 0.552 |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 8 (10%) | 6 (12%) | 2 (7%) | 0.703 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 7 (9%) | 6 (19%) | 1 (4%) | 0.412 |
| Chronic liver disease | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 1.000 |
| Malignancy | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) | 0.364 |
| Signs and symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 61 (79%) | 40 (82%) | 21 (71%) | 0.490 |
| Cough | 61 (79%) | 38 (78%) | 23 (82%) | 0.633 |
| Fatigue | 28 (36%) | 21 (43%) | 7 (25%) | 0.117 |
| Myalgia | 21 (27%) | 15 (31%) | 6 (21%) | 0.384 |
| Headache | 10 (13%) | 7 (14%) | 3 (11%) | 0.739 |
| Chest tightness | 30 (39%) | 18 (37%) | 12 (43%) | 0.633 |
| Dyspnea | 44 (57%) | 28 (57%) | 16 (57%) | 1.000 |
| Hemoptysis | 6 (8%) | 4 (8%) | 2 (7%) | 1.000 |
| Diarrhea | 21 (27%) | 12 (25%) | 9 (32%) | 0.468 |
| Nausea or vomiting | 11 (14%) | 8 (16%) | 3 (11%) | 0.737 |
| Anorexia | 11 (14%) | 7 (14%) | 4 (14%) | 1.000 |
| Palpitation | 8 (10%) | 7 (14%) | 1 (4%) | 0.246 |
| Vital signs on admission | ||||
| Systolic pressure (mm Hg) | 132 ± 2.8 | 129 ± 3.4 | 135 ± 4.8 | 0.340 |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 94 ± 6.3 | 89 ± 9.1 | 101 ± 5.0 | 0.012* |
| Respiratory rate, per min | 22 (20–26) | 22 (20–25) | 23 (20–30) | 0.398 |
| Percutaneous oxygen saturation (%) | 96 (91–99) | 97 (95–99) | 93 (87–97) | 0.001* |
Data are presented as the mean ± standard error or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables, and n (%) for categorical variables. P‐values comparing patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <6.5 and HbA1c ≥6.5 are from Student’s t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, χ2‐test or Fisher’s exact test.
COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.
*
P < 0.05.